Page 1152 - Clinical Small Animal Internal Medicine

1090 Section 10 Renal and Genitourinary Disease

Table 120.1 List of etiologies for canine and feline acute kidney injury
VetBooks.ir Nephrotoxins

Antimicrobial agents
Amphotericin B
Cisplatin and carboplatin
Aminoglycosides Antifungal agents Antineoplastic drugs Antiviral agents
Aciclovir
Aztreonam Doxorubicin Foscarnet
Carbapenems Methotrexate
Cephalosporins
Penicillins
Polymyxins
Quinolones
Rifampin
Sulfonamides
Tetracyclines
Vancomycin
Antiprotozoal agents Immunosuppressive Miscellaneous therapeutic agents
Dapsone drugs Acetaminophen
Pentamidine Azathioprine Allopurinol
Sulfadiazine Calcineurin inhibitors Angiotensin enzyme converting
Thiacetarsamide (e.g., ciclosporin, inhibitors
Trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole tacrlimus) Antidepressants
Interleukin‐2 Apomorphine
Cimetidine
Deferoxamine
Dextran‐40
Diuretics
epsilon‐Aminocaproic acid
EDTA
Lipid‐lowering drugs
Lithium
Methoxyflurane
Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs
Penicillamine
Phosphorus‐containing urinary acidifiers
Streptokinase
Tricyclic antidepressants
Vitamin D analogs
Endogenous compounds Heavy metals Organic compounds Miscellaneous nontherapeutic
Hemoglobin Antimony Carbon tetrachloride and other agents
Myoglobin (e.g., trauma/ Arsenic chlorinated hydrocarbons Bee venom
rhabdomyolysis) Bismuth salts Chloroform Diphosphonate
Cadmium Ethylene glycol Calcium antagonists
Chromium Herbicides Gallium nitrate
Copper Pesticides Grapes or raisins
Gold Solvents Illicit drugs
Lead Lilies
Mercury Mushrooms
Nickel Radiocontrast agents
Silver Snake venom
Thallium Sodium fluoride
Uranium Superphosphate fertilizer
Vitamin D‐containing rodenticides,
“Jerky treats”
Nonnephrotoxic insults
Decreased cardiac output/ Infectious Immune‐mediated Obstructive
ischemia Bacterial/fungal inflammatory Ureteral obstruction
Volume depletion Pyelonephritis Acute Urethral obstruction
Congestive heart failure Leptospirosis glomerulonephritis Miscellaneous
Arrhythmias Borreliosis Systemic lupus erythematosus Lymphoma
Cardiac arrest Feline infectious Renal transplant rejection Blood transfusion reactions
Cardiac tamponade peritonitis Vasculitis Heatstroke/hyperthermia
Fluid overload Babesiosis Systemic inflammatory Malignant hypertension
Deep anesthesia/extensive Leishmaniasis response syndrome Neoplasia
surgery Bacterial Sepsis Hypercalcemia
Renal vessel thrombosis endocarditis Disseminated intravascular coagulation
Hyperviscosity – polycythemia
Hepatorenal syndrome