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125 Management of Chronic Kidney Disease 1173

regarding the importance of monitoring and follow‐up been associated with a poorer prognosis and should be
VetBooks.ir will improve compliance. targets for disease management to maximize survival.
Typically, CKD progresses much more slowly in cats
than in dogs. Dogs with stage 3 and 4 CKD quickly
Prognosis progress and within months to a year or two may be
euthanized due to the disease. Cats with early CKD can
Predicting prognosis in CKD can be somewhat challeng- have stable disease, typically for years, and may die of
ing as the progression of disease varies substantially another disease process. Cats with stage 3 and 4 typically
between individuals. Poor body condition, proteinuria, progress more slowly than dogs at a similar disease stage
hypertension, hyperphosphatemia, and anemia have all and may still live months to years.

Further Reading

Brown S, Elliott J, Francey T, et al. Consensus Foster JD. Update on mineral and bone disorders in
recommendations for standard therapy of glomerular chronic kidney disease. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim
disease in dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2013; 27(Suppl 1): Pract 2016; 46: 1131–49.
S27–43. Quimby JM, Lunn KF. Mirtazapine as an appetite
Cianciolo RE, Brown CA, Mohr FC, et al. Pathologic stimulant and anti‐emetic in cats with chronic kidney
evaluation of canine renal biopsies: methods for disease: a masked placebo‐controlled crossover clinical
identifying features that differentiate immune‐mediated trial. Vet J 2013; 197: 651–5.
glomerulonephritides from other categories of Sparkes AH, Caney SM, Chalhoub S, et al. ISFM consensus
glomerular diseases. J Vet Intern Med 2013; 27(Suppl 1): guidelines on the diagnosis and management of feline
S10–18. chronic kidney disease. J Feline Med Surg 2016; 18: 219–39.