Page 21 - Veterinary Immunology, 10th Edition

immune system and the dual innate and adaptive immune systems
VetBooks.ir were shown to complement each other. It is interesting to note that

this was not a new discovery but a new way of looking at well
recognized processes.

This new edition also reflects revolutionary changes in the way
we think of immunology. Like the concept of innate immunity,
these changes are not a result of a previously unknown process but
a belated recognition of something known about since the dawn of

microbiology, the body's normal microbiota. New methodologies
and intensive studies have revealed that many body processes,
especially immunity, are regulated by the diverse microbiota that
colonizes all body surfaces. Much of immunology has had to be

reassessed in the light of this new knowledge. Both innate and
adaptive immunity are regulated by those organisms, especially
bacteria, that live in the intestine and respiratory tract and on the
skin. Many previously unexplained phenomena have now been

shown to depend on the normal microbiota. As a result of this new
information, the reader will encounter the microbiota at every turn
in this book, plus a completely new chapter on the subject.
The second new chapter deals with allergic diseases. For many

years, these were readily explained by the production of IgE against
allergens. The most recent information, however, has demonstrated
that allergies are much more complex than this. For example, atopic
dermatitis, one of the most common conditions seen by small

animal veterinarians, is likely a syndrome with multiple complex
causative factors. As a result, allergic and inflammatory diseases
deserve a new chapter.
These additions cannot, however, hide the fact that the rest of

immunology also continues to move forward. Thus the mechanisms
by which the body rejects gastrointestinal helminths has been
clarified with the discovery of the importance of tuft cells and
interleukin-33. Associated with this has been the recognition of the

complex nature of innate lymphoid cells and their subpopulations.
Some of these advances can be considered routine, such as the
identification of new cell surface molecules and many new
cytokines. New disease syndromes such as swine SCID, bovine
neonatal pancytopenia, and immune-mediated keratoconjunctivitis

are now described, and the pathogenesis of others such as atopic

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