Page 45 - Manual of Equine Field Surgery
P. 45
Field Anesthesia 41
10. Ballard S, Shults T, Kownacki AA, et al: The phar- 25. England GC, Clarke KW, Goossens L: A comparison
macokinetics, pharmacological responses and of the sedative effects of three alpha 2-adrenoceptor
behavioral effects of acepromazine in the horse, agonists (romifidine, detomidine and xylazine) in
J Vet Pharmacol Ther 5:21, 1982. the horse, J Vet Pharmacol Ther 15:194, 1992.
11. Principles of sedation, analgesia and premedica- 26. Hamm D, Turchi P, Jochle W: Sedative and an-
tion. In Hall LW, Clarke KW, Trim CM, editors: algesic effects of detomidine and romifidine in
Veterinary anaesthesia, ed 10, St Louis, 2001, WB horses, Vet Rec 136:324, 1995.
Saunders. 27. Hobo S, Aida H, Yoshida K: Assessment of the seda-
12. Gillespie JR, Schalm CW, Tyler WS: Hematologic tive effect of medetomidine and determination of
response of the horse to general anesthesia: a its optimal dose in thoroughbred horses, J Vet Med
review and new data. Proceedings of the First Sci 57:507, 1995.
International Symposium on Equine Hematology 28. Tranquilli WJ, Maze M: Clinical pharmacology and
Michigan State University, East Lansing, Mich., use of alpha2-adrenergic agonists in veterinary
490, 1975. anaesthesia, Anaesth Pharmacol Rev 1:297, 1993.
13. Bloor BC, Schmeling WT: Cardiovascular effects of 29. Buchner HH, Kubber P, Zohmann E, et al: Sedation
alpha2-adrenoreceptors, Anaestn Pharmacol Rev and antisedation as tools in equine lameness exam-
1:246, 1993. ination, Equine Vet J Suppl 30:227, 1999.
14. Sarazan RD, Starke WA, Krause GF, et al: Cardio- 30. Kollias-Baker CA, Court MH, Williams LL: Influ-
vascular effects of detomidine, a new alpha 2- ence of yohimbine and tolazoline on the cardiovas-
adrenoceptor agonist, in the conscious pony, J Vet cular, respiratory, and sedative effects of xylazine in
Pharmacol Ther 12:378, 1989. the horse, J Vet Pharmacol Ther 16:350, 1993.
15. Yamashita K, Tsubakishita S, Futaok S, et al: Car- 31. Cornick-Seahorn JL, Seahorn TL: Cardiopul-
diovascular effects of medetomidine, detomidine monary and behavioral effects of midazolam HCl
and xylazine in horses, J Vet Med Sci 62:1025, 2000. and reversal with flumazenil in pony foals,
16. Wagner AE, Muir WW III, Hinchcliff KW: Cardio- Proceedings of the 22nd Annual Meeting of the
vascular effects of xylazine and detomidine in American College of Veterinary Anesthesiologists,
horses, Am J Vet Res 52:651, 1991. Phoenix, Ariz., 17, 2004.
17. Nunez E, Steffey EP, Ocampo L, et al: Effects of 32. Stoelting RK: Benzodiazepines. In Stoelting RK,
alpha2-adrenergic receptor agonists on urine pro- editor: Pharmacology and physiology in anesthetic
duction in horses deprived of food and water, Am practice, ed 3, Philadelphia, 1999, Lippincott Raven,
J Vet Res 65:1342, 2004. 33. Marland A, Sarkar P, Leavitt R: The urinary elimi-
18. Thurmon JC, Steffey EP, Zinkl JG, et al: Xylazine nation profiles of diazepam and its metabolites,
causes transient dose-related hyperglycemia and nordiazepam, temazepam, and oxazepam, in the
increased urine volumes in mares, Am J Vet Res equine after a 10-mg intramuscular dose, J Anal
45:224, 1984. Toxicol 23:29, 1999.
19. Schatzmann U, Jossfck H, Stauffer JL, et al: Effects 34. Wall R, Muir WW III: Hemolytic potential of
of alpha 2-agonists on intrauterine pressure and guaifenesin i11 cattle. Cornell Vet 80:209, 1990.
sedation in horses: comparison between detomi- 35. Grandy JL, McDonell WN: Evaluation of concen-
dine, romifidine and xylazine. Zentralbl Veterin- trated solutions of guaifenesin for equine anesthe-
armed A 41:523, 1994. sia, J Am Vet Med Assoc 176:619, 1980.
20. Spyridaki MH, Lyris E, Georgoulakis I, et al: Deter- 36. Herschl MA, Trim CM, Mahaffey EA: Effects of 50/o
mination of xylazine and its metabolites by GC-MS and 10% guaifenesin infusion on equine vascular
in equine urine for doping analysis, J Pharm endothelium, Vet Surg 21:494, 1992.
Biomed Anal 35:107, 2004. 37. Davis LE, Wolff WA: Pharmacokinetics and metab-
21. Salonen JS, Suolinna EM: Metabolism of detomi- olism of glyceryl guaiacolate in ponies, Am J Vet Res
dine in the rat. I. Comparison of 3H-labelled 31:469, 1970.
metabolites formed in vitro and in vivo, Eur J Drug 38. Muir WW, Skarda RT, Sheehan WC: Cardiopul-
Metab Pharmacokinet 13:53, 1988. monary effects of narcotic agonists and a partial
22. Salonen JS, Vaha-Vahe T, Vainio 0, et al: Single- agonist in horses, A·m J Vet Res 39:1632, 1978.
dose pharmacokinetics of detomidine in the horse 39. Amadon RS, Craig AH: The actions of morphine
and cow, J Vet Pharmacol Ther 12:65, 1989. 011 the horse. Preliminary studies: diacetylmor-
23. Mutlib AE, Chui YC, Young LM, et al: Characteri- phine (heroin), dihydrodesoxymorphine-D (deso-
zation of metabolites of xylazine produced in vivo morphine) and dihydroterocodine, J Am Vet Med
and iI1 vitro by LC/MS/MS and by GC/MS, Drug Assoc 91:674, 1937.
Metab Dispos 20:840, 1992. -----: 40. Mircica E, Clutton RE, Kyles KW, et al: Problems
24. Preeman SL, Bowen IM, Bettschart-Wolfensberger associated with perioperative morphine in horses:
R, et al: Cardiovascular effects of romifidine in the a retrospective case analysis, Vet Anaesth A11.alg
standing horse, Res Vet Sci 72:123, 2002. 30:147, 2003.