Page 368 - The Welfare of Cattle

Index 345

in dairy industry, 254–263 U.S. beef cattle industry, segments of, 173–174
societal perceptions of, 253–254 USDA, see United States Department of Agriculture
Temporary ectoparasites, 46–47 (USDA)
Temporary immunocastration, 98 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 27
“Texas cattle fever,” 45 US Food and Drug Administration, 53
TFP, see Total Factor Productivity (TFP) U.S. Humane Methods of Slaughter Act (HMSA), 112
Thermal stress, 331–332 U.S. livestock greenhouse gas emissions, 27
Thermoreceptors, 85 U.S. livestock sector, 28
“Third-party auditing,” 114, 134
Thirst, 207 V
Ticks, 45
Tie stalls, 255, 256, 324 Vaccinating bulls, 99
Total Factor Productivity (TFP), 11 Vasoconstrictors, 158
Traditional breeding programs, 57 VCPR, see Veterinary-client-patient relationship (VCPR)
Training employees, 145 Veterinarian, role of, 287
Transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), Veterinary-client-patient relationship (VCPR), 158
98 Veterinary medicine, 158
Transdermal flunixin, 159 Vision system, 80–82
Trans-generational implementation of biotechnology, 101 “Visual streak,” 81
Transgenic animals, 53 VNO, see Vomeronasal organ (VNO)
Transgenics, 53 Vocalizations, 84, 133
“Transgenic sequences,” 55 scoring, 140
Transparency, 185 Volatilization, 22
Transportation, 216–218 Voluntary culling, 126
challenges, 128 Vomeronasal organ (VNO), 77
modes of, 126–127 V-shaped chute, 154
Transport container environment, control of, 127
Trenbolone acetate, 243 W
Trichromatic color vision, 81
“Turnover Rates,” 294 Weaning, 100, 215, 307–308
28-hour law (9 U.S.C. 80502), 127 World Animal Health Organization (OIE), 94, 145, 213
Tylosin, 207 OIE, see World Animal Health Organization (OIE)
U X
UEP, see United Egg Producers (UEP) X-bearing sperm, 99
Umwelten of cattle, 74
United Egg Producers (UEP), 112 Y
United Nations Department of Economic and Social
Affairs/Populations Division, 10 Y-bearing sperm, 99
United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), 126
Unloading trucks, ramps for, 149 Z
Untreated manure, 33
Urbanization, 13 Zeranol, 241
U.S. and Canadian slaughter plants, 141 Zero grazing systems, 254–255, 323