Page 2 - Demo

%u03b3-PGANatto, a traditional fermented soybean food, has been used as a health food for over one thousand years in Japan. %u03b3-PGA, abbreviation of %u03b3-polyglutamic acid, polymerized by glutamic acid residues of 1,000 to 15,000, is the major component of the viscous material of natto.Bacillus subtilis(non-toxin producing, non-pathogenic,and edible strain)Bacterial strainChemical structure of %u03b3-polyglutamic acidEffectiveness of %u03b3-PGA on Ca Solubility and Ca Absorption%u03b3-PGA promotes Ca solubility in vitro %u03b3-PGA increases Ca solubility in vivo%u03b3-PGA concentration (mg/ml) Ca solubbility (mg/dl)16128400 1 5 10 20 40Soluble Ca (mg/dl)%u03b3-PGA2515201050H20 5 mg/kg 10 mg/kg 40 mg/kgProximal halfDistal half%u03b3-PGA reduces intestinal motility%u03b3-PGA elicits Calbindin-D9K expression%u03b3-PGA reduces fecal Ca excretionDistance Traveled (% of total length of small intestine) 806040200H20 5 mg/kg 10 mg/kg 40 mg/kg%u03b3-PGA %u03b3-PGA140608010012040250H2plasma Ca concetration (mg/d)0 5 mg/kg 10 mg/kg 40 mg/kgThe elicited calbindin-D9K expression may contributeto the elevated plasma Ca demonstrated in %u03b3-PGAtreated groupsCalbindin-D9k mediates the transport of calciumKinetics of Calcium ion in rat plasmamRNA expression (%)%u03b3-PGACalbindin-D9KH2O 5 10 40GAPDH319 bp76 bp300200250150501000H20 5 10 40 (mg/kg)%u03b3-PGA(mg/kg)Fecal Ca (mg/d)Time (min)9.08.48.68.88.28.00 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160%u03b3-PGA(10mg/kg) + CaCO3 (25mg)H2O + CaCO3 (25mg)%u03b3-PGA(10mg/kg) + 0.05% CMC%u03b3-PGA chelates positively charged calcium ions to prevent the precipitation of Ca salts.Administration of %u03b3-PGA diminishes Ca excretion by retarding the intestinal transit.