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4.6.3. Restoration Ecology
Restoration ecology, a science that emerged as a separate field in ecology in the 1980s, looks at renewing and restoring ecosystems that have been degraded or destroyed by human activities to a stable, healthy, and sustainable state. It is the practice of employing human intervention and action for conserving biodiversity and ecological integrity. Examples of ecological restoration include the active management of habitat for species, e.g., burning of grasslands or removal of IAPs, and the creation of new habitats in areas that may have been historically transformed for farming and other human activities, e.g., replanting forests or recreating wetlands.
Globally, cities recognize robust ecological infrastructure’s role in enhancing resilience against climate change and urbanization impacts. However, significant ecosystem shifts threaten biodiversity and conservation efforts. eThekwini Municipality is committed to biodiversity protection and investment in ecological infrastructure to realize nature-based solutions. This approach, integrated
with job creation and skills development, addresses ecosystem services and socio-economic issues. There are also clear benefits for climate change mitigation and adaptation.
Incorporating ecological infrastructure into urban development presents a strategic opportunity, as evidenced by successful pilot projects. Examples include the Working for Ecosystems Programme, the Community Reforestation Programme, and the Fire and Invasive Species Control Programme. The work includes active restoration of sites as well as control of invasive alien species.
The three programs align with South Africa’s National Green Economy Strategy, to create green jobs, promote skills development, and support for small businesses in previously disadvantaged communities, scholars, students, youth, and the unemployed. Support for student initiatives is through academic research at the University of KwaZulu-Natal.
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