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BEACON
THE Black History Month
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Hallowed Grounds: Sites ofAfrican
452 AMW Public Affairs American memories
QG6WUHHW%OGJ Prepared by the Defense Equal Opportunity Management Institute
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ID[ Black History Month, or National African American History Month, &DUWHU*:RRGVRQ
SKRQH is an annual celebration of achievements by African Americans and a
time for recognizing the central role they have played in U.S. history. men serve heroically during World War II.
&200$1'(5 - Benjamin O. Davis Sr. becomes the Army’s first African-American
%ULJ*HQ5XVVHOO$0XQF\ The story of Black History Month begins in 1915, half a century after
the Thirteenth Amendment abolished slavery in the United States. Few general. His son, Benjamin O. Davis Jr., commander of the Tuskegee
38%/,&$))$,562)),&(5 could have imagined African Americans’ future contributions to music, Airmen, later becomes the Air Force’s first African-American general.
&DSW3HUU\&RYLQJWRQ art, and literature that would be recognized by the global community.
- The interracial Congress of Racial Equality is formed in Chicago. It
(',725 Credit for the evolving awareness of the true place of African will become famous for organizing the Freedom Rides of 1961.
0V/LQGD:HO] Americans in history can, in large part, be attributed to one man:
Carter G. Woodson. - Ebony, a magazine about African-American life and achieve-
$0:(',725,$/67$)) ments, is founded. The magazine presents works by literary fig-
6HQLRU0DVWHU6JW'DYLG6PLWK In 1915, Woodson established the Association for the Study ures such as Langston Hughes and Gwendolyn Brooks. It be-
0DVWHU6JW0HJDQ&UXVKHU of Negro Life and History. He wanted to change the world’s per- comes an instant success.
6WDII6JW+HDWKHU&R]DG6WDOH\ ception of African Americans and recognize their contribution to
6WDII6JW2VPLQ6XJXLWDQ American society and culture. - Baseball legend Jackie Robinson becomes the first African
6HQLRU$LUPDQ&DOOLH0F1DU\ American to break the color barrier when he is allowed to play in
6HQLRU$LUPDQ.HYLQ0LWWHUKRO]HU This three-part presentation provides facts that briefly cover the major league.
6HQLRU$LUPDQ-RVHSK'DQJLGDQJ the last ten decades and some of the African Americans who ad-
6HQLRU$LUPDQ5XVVHOO0F0LOODQ vanced civil rights or made major impacts in science, govern- - President HarryTruman issues Executive Order 9981 desegregating
ment, sports, or entertainment. the military, and more than 2.5 million African-American men register
7KH %HDFRQ LV SXEOLVKHG E\ for the draft as the U.S. enters World War II. Though they experience
$HURWHFK1HZVDQG5HYLHZ$HUR The 1920s discrimination, they continue to rise to the challenge to serve the nation.
WHFKLVDSULYDWH¿UPLQQRZD\FRQ - The Great Migration of African Americans from the South
QHFWHGZLWKWKH86$LU)RUFHXQ to industrial towns in the North is underway. Millions of African Woodson wanted to change the world’s perception of African Ameri-
GHUH[FOXVLYHZULWWHQFRQWUDFWZLWK Americans will have migrated north by the 1960s. cans and recognize their contribution to American society and culture.
WKH QG$LU 0RELOLW\ :LQJ 7KLV - Organized by the NationalAssociation for theAdvancement of Col-
FLYLOLDQHQWHUSULVH$LU)RUFHQHZV ored People, thousands of African Americans march down New York Woodson said, “We should emphasize not Negro History, but
SDSHULVDQDXWKRUL]HGSXEOLFDWLRQ City’s Fifth Avenue to protest racial violence and discrimination. the Negro in history. What we need is not a history of selected
IRU HPSOR\HHV DQG PHPEHUV RI - Claude McKay publishes a collection of his early poetry, Har- races or nations, but the history of the world void of national bias,
86PLOLWDU\VHUYLFHVUHWLUHHVDQG lem Shadows. It becomes one of the most important early works race hate, and religious prejudice.”
IDPLO\PHPEHUV&RQWHQWVDUHQRW of the Harlem Renaissance.
QHFHVVDULO\ WKH RI¿FLDO YLHZV RI - A. Philip Randolph organizes the Brotherhood of Sleeping It was his efforts and those of other champions who broke down
RUHQGRUVHGE\WKH86*RYHUQ Car Porters, the first successful African-American trade union. daunting barriers, finally allowing African Americans to partici-
PHQWWKH'HSDUWPHQWRI'HIHQVH - Jazz trumpeter and vocalist Louis Armstrong forms his band, pate as American citizens and have their stories told.
or the Department of the Air Force. the Hot Five. He will become a jazz legend and a cultural icon.
- Langston Hughes publishes The Weary Blues, his first book of po- Subsequently, innumerable African Americans have seized
7KH DSSHDUDQFH RI DGYHUWLV etry. A pivotal force in the Harlem Renaissance, Hughes will go on to previously unavailable opportunities to contribute to American
LQJ LQ WKLV QHZVSDSHU LQFOXGLQJ become one of the 20th century’s most recognized American writers. culture and heroically defend their country during wartime.
LQVHUWVRUVXSSOHPHQWVGRHVQRW The 1930s
FRQVWLWXWH HQGRUVHPHQW RI WKH - Nine African-American youths are convicted of raping two A century later, the valuable contributions of African Ameri-
SURGXFWV RU VHUYLFHV E\ WKH 'H White women in Scottsboro, Alabama. The “Scottsboro Boys” cans cannot be denied. Their profound impact on America contin-
SDUWPHQWRI'HIHQVHWKH'HSDUW case later attracts national attention as a miscarriage of justice ues in a myriad of areas, including history, education, entertain-
ment of the Air Force or Aerotech and helps fuel the civil rights movement. ment, literature, science, sports, politics, culture, and the military.
1HZVDQG5HYLHZ,QF - Sculptor Augusta Savage establishes the Savage Studio of Arts and
Crafts in NewYork, the largest art center in the nation at that time.
(YHU\WKLQJ DGYHUWLVHG LQ WKLV - Track and field athlete Jesse Owens wins four gold medals
QHZVSDSHU VKDOO EH PDGH DYDLO in the Berlin Olympics, thwarting Adolf Hitler’s plan to use the
DEOHIRUSXUFKDVHXVHRUSDWURQ games to demonstrate “Aryan supremacy.”
DJHZLWKRXWUHJDUGWRUDFHFRORU - Joe Louis, the iconic “Brown Bomber,” becomes the heavy-
UHOLJLRQVH[QDWLRQDORULJLQDJH weight boxing champion of the world by defeating James J. Brad-
PDULWDOVWDWXVSK\VLFDOKDQGLFDS dock. He will hold the belt for nearly 12 years, a boxing record.
SROLWLFDO DI¿OLDWLRQ RU DQ\ RWKHU - Singer Marion Anderson is denied permission by the Daugh-
QRQPHULWIDFWRURIWKHSXUFKDVHU ters of the Revolution to sing at their hall because she is an Afri-
XVHURUSDWURQ can American. Instead, Anderson performs at the Lincoln Memo-
rial before an audience of 75,000.
(GLWRULDOFRQWHQWLVHGLWHGSUH - The Supreme Court ruled in the Norris v. Alabama case that a
SDUHG DQG SURYLGHG E\ WKH VWDII defendant has the right to a trial by jury of one’s peers. This ruling
RI WKH QG $LU 0RELOLW\ :LQJ overturned the Scottsboro Boys’ convictions.
3XEOLF$IIDLUV RI¿FH DW 0DUFK$LU The 1940s
5HVHUYH %DVH $OO SKRWRJUDSKV - The first pilot training program for African Americans is es-
LQWKH%HDFRQDUH$LU)RUFHSKR tablished at the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama. The Tuskegee Air-
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