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Cooking and Food Preparation Skills 181
Conditions that Increase decrease risk of dehydration and hyponatraemia.
Nutritional Requirements Milk is an effective recovery drink after exercise.
Physical training for sport Pregnancy
Adolescents undertaking sports training at the same Pregnancy and lactation during teenage years place
time as undergoing physical change and development extra nutritional requirements on girls who may
may have very high energy requirements. Specialist not have finished growing themselves and who will
input from a specialist sports dietitian can ensure not have attained their peak bone mass. Nutrient
that nutrient and energy requirements to support requirements have not been specified for these
growth as well as training needs are met. If energy young mothers but a healthy balanced diet with
needs are not met, growth can be compromised. folic acid and vitamin D supplementation is a
minimum requirement. For those eating poorly, a
Monthly height measurements can be used to multivitamin and mineral supplement excluding
assess when the growth spurt is taking place. vitamin A can be recommended. As part of the
Individual energy needs can be calculated using Healthy Start programme, all pregnant girls under
basal metabolic rate and physical activity level and 18 are entitled to benefits regardless of their
adding 60–100 kcal/day to allow for extra growth financial circumstances, including free vitamins
(Department of Health 1991). and vouchers for milk, fruit and vegetables.
Adolescents undertaking sports training should Cooking and Food Preparation
aim to: Skills
●● maintain good hydration by drinking sufficient Many adolescents leave home at the age of 18 or
f luid soon after, and cooking skills enable them to
prepare alternatives to convenience foods for
●● be well hydrated before exercise and drink themselves. Current school curricula do not ensure
enough fluid during and after exercise to they will learn to cook and many parents and carers
balance fluid losses cannot or do not teach them. Health promotion
activities could usefully address this problem.
●● eat a high-carbohydrate diet with 60–70 per cent
of energy from carbohydrate References and further reading
●● eat sufficient protein to cover growth as well as Aerenhouts D, Deriemaeker P, Hebbelinck M, Clarys
muscle development and recovery after training PJ (2011) Energy and macronutrient intake in
or competing adolescent sprint athletes: a follow-up study. Sports
Science 29(1): 73–82.
●● follow a balanced diet with a minimum of the
daily servings of the four nutritious food groups Beets MW, Swanger K, Wilcox DR and Cardinal BJ
to make sure they meet their nutrient (2007) Using hands-on demonstrations to
requirements to maintain health and a strong promote cooking behaviors with young
immune system adolescents: The Culinary Camp Summer
Cooking Program. Journal of Nutrition Education
●● eat a high-carbohydrate snack or meal and Behavior 39: 288–289.
containing some protein within an hour of
finishing training or competing – to ensure Boutelle KN, Birkeland RW, Hannan PJ, Stat M, Story
repair of muscle tissue and the replenishment of M and Neumark-Sztainer D (2007) Associations
glycogen stores within muscles. between maternal concern for healthful eating and
maternal eating behaviors, home food availability,
Sports beverages containing carbohydrates and
electrolytes may be consumed before, during and
after exercise to help maintain blood glucose
concentration, provide fuel for muscles and
