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The Story of the C.W.S.             —

       advertisements  to the columns  of the journals of record which
       they issued.  Having thus realised the commercial possibilities of
       their space, thej' would then ask the C.W.S. to make its amiounce-
       ments at a similar price.  It was upon this point, precisely, that
       the Committee, in September, 1894, brought the question to the
       notice of the delegates.  Opinions were immediately expressed at
       Manchester against the C.W.S. bemg charged for space in societies'
       magazines. A Dewsbury delegate stoutly declared that " if the
       Dewsbury Society could not afford to run their Pioneer without
       being subsidised by the WTiolesale or private traders they would
       give it up." But over and beyond this special form of  it, there lay
       the general question of advertising. Not less than elaborate window
       displays,  all  trade  advertisements  were  disliked by  the  old
       co-operators.  It was not because they shrank from holding up their
              On the contrary. Cooper's letters to the leading men of the day
       light .
       and the general propaganda of the Pioneers, backed up by Holyoake,
       Hughes, Ludlow, Neale, and others, gave to the ideas of co-operation
       a pubhcity which it has hardly enjoyed since. When a delegate in
                     "
       1894 said that  the rank and  file of the co-operative movement
       knew as little about the Wholesale and its meetmgs as about Cochm
       China," Mitchell quickly replied that if the members did not know
       they ought to know. The objection was solely to a costly, because
       competitive, commercial advertising. Those who attended or read the
       reports of quarterly meetings, and knew all about the C.W.S. works,
       naturally had no wish to spend the common funds upon flambuoyant
       appeals to themselves to buy their own jam or soap. And if all had
       been like them it would have been a sheer waste. But there is much
       difference in an "if;" and, as  IVIr. R. H. Tutt, of Sheemess, said,
       "there was advertising and advertising"
          In his opinion their advertising should be confined to the " Records " and
       other co-operative channels.  If they introduced a broad and general system
       they would fritter away a large portion of their profits.  He did not tliink it
       would bo either dignified or co-operative to do this.  He would rather say to
       co-operators,  " Spend your money in disseminating and developing your
       principles."  They had showcards.  .  .  .  They wanted to create in the
       minds of store employees a desire to show them and to push the goods men-
       tioned on them.
       The Committee did not at this time put forward a resolution.  But,
       on the side of general advertising, as a result of the discussion, they
       proceeded with the issuing of showcards and similar advertisement
       matter, and  this  work,  with  the  organisation  of  exhibitions
       and lantern  lectiu-es, grew to the point of centralisation in one
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