Page 77 - American English File Student Book 3A_Neat

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4 B GRAMMAR BANK

have to, must, should d o n 't ha ve to

have to / m u s t (+ base form) Y ou don’t have to pay - this m useum is free. 2 43 )))
Y ou don’t have to go to the p arty i f you don’t w ant to.
1 You have to w ear a seat belt in the car. 2 42 )))
D o you have to w o rk on Saturdays?
m u s t n o t
I had to w ear a u n ifo rm at m y elem entary school.
I’ l l have to get up early tom orrow . M y in terview is at 9:00.
Y ou must not park here. 2 44)))
2 Y ou must be on tim e tom orrow because there's a test.
Y ou must rem em ber to ca ll E m ily - it's her birthday.
• W e use don’t have to w hen there is no o bligation to do
3 I love the Louvre! You have to go w hen you're in Paris.
som ething, and must not w hen som ething is prohibited.
Y ou must see th is m ovie — it's am azing!
• don’t have to and must not are com pletely different. Com pare:
• have to and must are usually used to talk about o b lig atio n or You don't have to drive - we can take a train. (= You can drive if
som ething that is necessary to do. you w ant to, but it’s not necessary / obligatory.)
1 have to is a n o rm al verb and it exists in a ll tenses and form s, You must not drive along this street. (= It's prohibited, against
e.g., also as a gerund or in fin itive . the law, N O T You don’t-kaveto-drive along this street.)
2 must is a m odal verb. It o n ly exists in the present, but it can be • You can often use can’t o r not allowed to instead o f must not.
used w ith a future m eaning. You must not / can’t / ’re not allowed to park here.
3 You can also use have to o r must fo r strong recom m endations.
s h o u ld / s h o u ld n 't (+ b a s e fo rm )
P have to or must?
Have to and must have a very similar meaning, and you You should take w arm clothes w ith you to Q u ito . 2 45)))
can usually use either form. It m ig ht be cold at night.
Have to is more common for general, external obligations, Y ou shouldn’t d rin k so m uch coffee. It isn ’t good fo r you.
for example rules and laws. I th in k the governm ent should do som ething about
Must is more common for specific (i.e., on one occasion) unem ploym ent.
or personal obligations. Compare:
I have to wear a shirt and tie at work. (= It’s the rule in this
• should is not as strong as must / have to. W e use it to give advice
company.)
o r an o p in io n - to say i f we th in k som ething is the rig h t or
I must buy a new shirt - this one is too old now. (= It’s my
own decision.) w rong th in g to do.
• should is a m odal verb. T h e o n ly form s are should / shouldn’t.
have got to
Have got to is often used instead of have to in spoken
English, e.g., I’ve got to go now. It's very late.

a C o m p le te w it h th e c o rre c t fo rm o f have to ( 0 , Q , o r [7]). b (^C ir c le) th e c o rre c t fo rm . C h e c k / i f b o th
are p o ssib le .
I’ll have to c a ll b ack later because the lin e 's busy. 0
1 P a sse n g e rs_________ tu rn o f f th e ir la p to p s d u rin g ta k e -o ff Q Y o u don’t have to /(jnust'nop use y o u r phone
in q u ie t zones.
2 _________ y o u __________do a lo t o f h o m e w o rk w h en you w ere in
sch oo l? CO 1 D o you th in k w e should j have to text D a d to
te ll h im w e ’ll be late?
3 M y siste r is a nurse, so som e w eeks sh e _________ w o rk n ig h ts. 0
2 Y o u don't have to / must not send text
4 _________ you e v e r__________have an o p e ra tio n ? [7]
m essages w h e n you are d riv in g .
5 Saturd ays are the best day o f the w eek. I lo v e _________ get up
3 A p ilo t has to / must w ea r a u n ifo rm w hen
early. Q
he’s at w ork.
6 I _________ leave a message on her voicem a il because she w asn’t in . 0
4 Y o u shouldn’t / must not ta lk on you r cell
7 In the future, p e o p le _________ go to school; th e y 'll a ll study at
phone w h e n you're fillin g up the car w ith gas.
hom e. G
5 I have to / should speak to m y phone
8 W ith o ld c e ll phones, you used t o _________ charge the battery
com pany. M y last b ill w as w rong.
m ore often. 0
6 W e don't have to / shouldn't hurry. W e have
9 _________ your b o yfrien d _________ answ er his w ork em ails on
plen ty o f tim e.
weekends? |T]
10 T h e e x h ib itio n w as free, so I _________ pay. QJ < p .39

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