Page 136 - UK Air Operations Regulations 201121

Part ORO - ANNEX III - Organisational Requirement for Air Operations

(2) the applicable flight and duty time limitations and rest requirements.
ORO.FC.100(c) AMC1 Composition of flight crew
OPERATIONAL MULTI-PILOT LIMITATION (OML)
The operator should ensure that pilots with an OML on their medical certificate only operate aircraft in
multi-pilot operations when the other pilot is fully qualified on the relevant type of aircraft, is not subject
to an OML and has not attained the age of 60 years.
ORO.FC.105 Designation as pilot-in-command/commander
(a) In accordance with 8.e of Annex IV to Regulation (EC) No 216/2008, one pilot amongst the
flight crew, qualified as pilot-in-command in accordance with Annex I (Part-FCL) to
Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011, shall be designated by the operator as pilot-in-command
or, for commercial air transport operations, as commander.
(b) The operator shall only designate a flight crew member to act as pilot-in-
command/commander if he/she has:
(1) the minimum level of experience specified in the operations manual;
(2) adequate knowledge of the route or area to be flown and of the aerodromes,
including alternate aerodromes, facilities and procedures to be used;
(3) in the case of multi-crew operations, completed an operator’s command course if
upgrading from co-pilot to pilot-in-command/commander.
(c) In the case of commercial operations of aeroplanes and helicopters, the pilot-in-
command/commander or the pilot, to whom the conduct of the flight may be delegated,
shall have had initial familiarisation training of the route or area to be flown and of the
aerodromes, facilities and procedures to be used. This route/area and aerodrome
knowledge shall be maintained by operating at least once on the route or area or to the
aerodrome within a 12- month period.
(d) Point (c) shall not apply in the case of:
(1) performance class B aeroplanes involved in commercial air transport operations
under VFR by day; and
(2) commercial air transport operations of passengers conducted under VFR by day,
starting and ending at the same aerodrome or operating site or within a local area
specified by the CAA, with other-than complex motor-powered helicopters, single-
engined, with a MOPSC of 5.
ORO.FC.105(b)(2) GM1 Route and aerodrome knowledge
ENVIRONMENTAL KNOWLEDGE RELATED TO THE PREVENTION OF AEROPLANE UPSETS
The knowledge should include understanding of:
(a) the relevant environmental hazards, such as:
- Clear Air Turbulence (CAT),
- Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ),
- thunderstorms,
- microbursts,
- wind shear,
- icing,
- mountain waves,
- wake turbulence, and
- temperature changes at high altitude;
(b) the evaluation and management of the associated risks of the relevant hazards in (a); and
(c) the available mitigating procedures for the relevant hazards in (a) related to the specific
route, route area, or aerodrome used by the operator.
ORO.FC.105(b)(2);(c) AMC1 Designation as pilot-in-command/commander
ROUTE/AREA AND AERODROME KNOWLEDGE FOR COMMERCIAL OPERATIONS
For commercial operations, the experience of the route or area to be flown and of the aerodrome
facilities and procedures to be used should include the following:
(a) Area and route knowledge
(1) Area and route training should include knowledge of:
(i) terrain and minimum safe altitudes;
(ii) seasonal meteorological conditions;
(iii) meteorological, communication and air traffic facilities, services and
procedures;
(iv) search and rescue procedures where available; and
(v) navigational facilities associated with the area or route along which the flight
is to take place.
(2) Depending on the complexity of the area or route, as assessed by the operator, the
following methods of familiarisation should be used:
(i) for the less complex areas or routes, familiarisation by self-briefing with route
documentation, or by means of programmed instruction; and
(ii) in addition, for the more complex areas or routes, in-flight familiarisation as a
pilot- in-command/commander or co-pilot under supervision, observer, or
familiarisation in a flight simulation training device (FSTD) using a database
appropriate to the route concerned.
(b) Aerodrome knowledge
20th November 2021 136 of 856