Page 116 - PG 101-Course notes مذكرة النظري 24-25 with spec

Medicinal plants (PG 101) Level 1 Clinical Pharmacy-PharmD

Anatomy Summary

Items dicot stem monocot stem
Stomata Dicot stomata if present Monocot stomata if present
Hypodermal layer May be all of types of ground tissues Mostly sclerenchyma
Cortex and pith Found Not found
V. B. Open or bicollateral Closed collateral

Items Dicot leaf Monocot leaf

Stomata Dicot stomata type Monocot stomata
Epidermis polygonal or polyhedral cells Usually, elongated cells
Palisade and spongy Present Absent
V. B. Open or bicollateral Closed collateral

Items Dicot root Monocot root
Epidermis
(piliferous layer) Consists of a single layer of parenchyma, has no cuticle, no stomata, outer wall may be extended into root hair.
Cortex Mostly parenchyma Some of it may be sclerenchyma
Deposition of lignin and suberin in radial walls Deposition of lignin and suberin in radial walls and inner tangential
Casparian strips
only walls
Fewer number (2-8) of the radial type with exarch Numerous (more than 8) of the radial type with exarch xylem
V. B.
xylem arrangement arrangement
Pith Narrow or absent Very wide (well developed) and consists of parenchyma cells.

Palisade Spongy Spring wood Summer wood
Location Perpendicular to the epidermis Scattered ■ Is wider ■ Much denser
formed of one or more layers ■ Bigger ■ Narrow
Shape Elongated (columnar) cells Irregularly proportion of elements, mainly
shaped cells vessels and less fibers and less

Intercellular Narrow Wide (for gas fibers vessels.
spaces exchange) ■ Vessels wider, ■ More thickened
Chloroplasts Abundant Less less thick wall, and lignified walls
less lignified. and small lumen.
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