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Clinical pharmacy PharmD program Third level Phytochemistry-1 (PG-504)
In case of two hexose units “e.g. 2 x glucose”
1) Reducing disaccharide “Maltose-type”:
Acetal linkage is formed between C-1 of first unit, and C-2, C-3, C-4 or C-6 of
the second unit, the anomeric C-1 of the second hexose unit is still free the net
result → compounds are reducing, exhibit mutarotation and can form glycoside.
2) Non-reducing disaccharide “Trehalose-type”:
The acetal linkage is formed through their anomeric carbons.
o For aldoses, the linkage is 1 ➔ 1 linkage.
o For aldose combined with ketose; the linkage is 1 ➔ 2 linkage.
Reducing Disaccharides
I) Having 1➔ 4 Linkage Maltose-type
The main disaccharides: maltose, cellobiose, lactose
• All are isomers with molecular formula C 12H 22O 11
• On hydrolysis they yield 2 monosaccharide
• They are soluble in water
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