Page 30 - Pharmacognosy 2 PG303 (1)
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Pharmacognosy-2 (PG303)                              Level 2                Clinical Pharmacy-Pharm D

                                        CLASSIFICATION OF TRUE FRUITS
                     True  fruits  are  generally  classified  taking  in  consideration  the  following
              points:

                     1)  Their origin i.e., derived from ovary of a single or united carpels or of
                        free carpels of a single flower or the whole inflorescence.

                     2)  The  nature  of  the  pericarp,  dry,  leathery,  succulent,  or  hard  and  the
                        number of seeds enclosed.

                     3)  The dehiscence or indehiscence of the pericarp i.e., split, and open to set
                        free the seeds or remain enclosing them.


                     Accordingly,  true  fruits  may be simple where  the  fruit is  formed  from  a
              single ovary e.g., Senna pod and Fennel, or may be aggregate and formed from an
              apocarpous gynoecium or composite and developed from the whole inflorescence.

































                                                    I. SIMPLE FRUITS

                     Simple fruits are developed from a single ovary and are classified according
              to the nature and characters of the pericarp into:
                     1)  Dry fruits. when the pericarp is dry or hard membranous or leathery, e.g.,

                        Poppy. Fennel, Star anise ... etc.

                     2)  Succulent fruits, where the pericarp or some parts of it are modified into

                        fleshy tissue which in certain cases becomes fibrous, e.g., Coconut.




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