Page 194 - fourth year book
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COMMUNICABLE DISEASES (T.B)
Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Definition
- It is an infectious and highly contagious disease which mainly affects
lung parenchyma and is mainly caused by mycobacterium
tuberculosis. It may spread to other parts of the body as brain, kidney,
lymph nodes and bones.
Burden
- TB is a reemerging contagious and airborne disease. It is considered
as the ninth leading cause of death worldwide and the leading cause
from a single infectious agent, ranking above HIV/AIDS (WHO 2018).
- In 2016, WHO estimated 10.4 million new TB cases and 1.7 million
died from the disease.
- TB occurs in every part of the world. In 2016, the largest number of
new TB cases occurred in Asia (45%) followed by Africa (25%). Over
95% of cases and deaths are in developing countries
- Globally, the TB mortality rate is falling at about 3% per year,
incidence is falling at about 2% per year and 16% of TB cases die from
the disease
- In Egypt, TB-related mortality rate is 0.7/100 000 population with a
total of 8183 detected TB cases in 2013.
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