Page 16 - chemistry exclusive short suggestion

imvqb G·K¬zwmf mv‡Rkb
 cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW +* cøvRwgW +*
 cøvRwgW + * cøvRwgW +* cøvRwgW * cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW  cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW +cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW +  cøvRwgW  cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW  +  cøvRwgW +* cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW +* cøvRwgW +* cøvRwgW +* cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW +* cøvRwgW +* cøvRwgW +* cøvRwgW +* cøvRwgW +* cøvRwgW + * cøvRwgW +*
 AvYweK AiweUv‡ji B‡jKUªb Av‡jv †kvlY K‡i380-  M¨vmxq RviK c`v_©F 2, Cl 2, O 2, O 3, SO 2, NO 2.
780nm I 200-379nm  Zij RviK c`v_Zij Br 2 , H 2 O 2 , HNO 3 , H 2 SO 4 .
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 UV-Vis eY©vwji cwimi200780nm Ges †kvlY  KwVb RviK c`v_ I 2 ,KM n O 4 , K 2 Cr 2 O 7 , KClO 3 ,
©
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kw³586-570Klmol . MnO 2 , FeCl 3.
 ‡ebwR‡bi me©vwaK †kvlY Zi½ •`N©¨255nm  M¨vmxq weRviKH 2, CO, H 2S, SO 2.
 -K¨v‡ivwUb Gi me©vwaK †kvlY Zi½ •`N©¨461nm.  Zij weRviKHNO 2, H 2SO 3, HBr, HI.
 HPLC-G e¨eüZ KjvgwUi mvBR-2-50m, e¨vm-2.1-  KwVb weRviK C, FeSO 4 , FeCl 2 , SnCl 2 , Hg 2 Cls,
4.6mm, ‣`N©¨-30-250mm. A·vwjK GwmW, Na 2 S 2 O 3.
 RviK I weRviK DfqB SO 2,FeO, H 2O 2.
Formula  •ØZ-iwk¥ eY©vwjgvcKUV-Vis ‡¯úK‡Uªv‡¯‥vc|
 UV-ray-Gi DrmwWD‡Uwiqvg|
MÖvg Av. fi
 1wU AYyi fi= gm.  Vis-iwk¥i DrmUvs‡÷b wdjv‡g›U|
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6.02210
ª
6.02210  ‡µv‡gv‡dvibvB‡Uvg~jK, bvB‡Uªv‡mvg~jK, A¨v‡Rv-g~jK|
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 1gm. G AYyi msL¨v = wU|  Uw·‡KvjwRAs, Cr kbv³KiY|
MÖvg Av. fi
 dvg©©v‡KvjwRavZe Ac`ªe¨ kbv³KiY|
22.4  ev‡qvwdwR·Trace element kbv³KiY|
 1gm M¨v‡mi AvqZb = L.  Kjvg †µvgv‡UvMÖvwdi AZ¨vaywbK e¨eüZ we‡kølY
MÖvg Av. fi
c×wZHPLC.
22.4  gv_vi Pzj weiwÄZ Ki‡Z e¨envi nq H 2O 2.
 1wU AYyi `LjK…Z AvqZb = L.  g„`y wbiÄKSO 2,H 2O 2, Cl (mij)
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6.02210
23
 1L M¨v‡m AYyi msL¨v = 6.02210 RviY msL¨v (e¨wZµg)
22.4  H 2SO 5 G, S = +6.
`ª‡ei‡gvj msL¨v
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 ‡gvjvwiwU = molL .  cøvRwgW + * cøvRwgW +* cøvRwgW + * cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW +cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW +  cøvRwgW  cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW +  cøvRwgW +* cøvRwgW +* cøvRwgW +* cøvRwgW +* cøvRwgW +* cøvRwgW +* cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW +* cøvRwgW +* cøvRwgW +* cøvRwgW +* cøvRwgW +* cøvRwgW +* cøvRwgW +  Na 2S 2O 3 G, S = -2, +6.  cøvRwgW + * cøvRwgW +* cøvRwgW + * cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW +
`ªe‡Yi AvqZb  NazS 4O 6 G, S = +5, 0 (2wU)

6
 PPm = `ª‡ei fi 10  CrO 5- G, Cr = +6.
`ª‡ei fi + `ªve‡Ki fi 8
`ª‡ei fi 10  Fe 3O 4- G, = Fe= +

9
 PPb = `ª‡ei fi + `ªve‡Ki fi 3
 KMnO 4- G, Mn = +7.
`ª‡ei AvqZb
 `ª‡ei kZKiv AvqqZb =  100.  K 2Cr 2O 7 - G, Cr = +6.
3+
`ªe‡bi AvqZb  [Fe(CN) 6] - G, Fe = +3.
`ª‡ei fi 9  [Cu(NH 3) 4] G, Cu = +2.
2+
 PPbmV = 10 cÖKvi‡f`
`ª‡ei AvqZb
 GwmW ¶v‡i cÖkgb wewµqv 4 fv‡M wef³-
W 100
 ‡gvjvwiwU C = . (i) mej GwmW-mij ¶vi|
M  V (ii) `ye©j GwmW-mej ¶vi|
 M 1V 1 = M 2V 2. (iii) mej GwmW `ye©j ¶vi|
 A=cl. (iv) `ye©j GwmW-`~e©j ¶vi|
 wiW· wewµqv 4 ai‡Yi-
Example (i) ¯^Z-RviY-weRviY wewµqv|
 Kcvi cvBivBUm †_‡K Cu wb®‥vkbKv‡j Drcbœ nq- (ii) AmvgÄm¨Zv wewµqv|
SO 2(g)
 i‡K‡U R¡vjvwbiƒc e¨eüZ nZZij nvBWªvwRb I Zij (iii) mvgÄm¨ ev wewµqv|
N 2O 4. (iv) weiÄb wewµqv|
 cÖvBgvwi ÷vÛvW© c`v_ Na 2CO 3, H 2C 2O 4.2H 2O,  wb‡`©kK 2 cÖKvi- GwmW ¶vi wb‡`©kK
©

K 2Cr 2O 7. RviY weRviY wb‡`©kK
©
 ‡m‡KÛvix ÷¨vÛvW© c`v_ HCl, H 2SO 4, NaOH.

 cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW +*

cøvRwgW -20