Page 8 - chemistry exclusive short suggestion

imvqb G·K¬zwmf mv‡Rkb
 cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW +* cøvRwgW +*
 cøvRwgW + * cøvRwgW +* cøvRwgW * cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW  cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW +cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW +  cøvRwgW  cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW  +  cøvRwgW +* cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW +* cøvRwgW +* cøvRwgW +* cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW +* cøvRwgW +* cøvRwgW +* cøvRwgW +* cøvRwgW +* cøvRwgW + * cøvRwgW +*
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 cwi‡ek `~lK M¨vm-nvB‡WªvKve©b, CO, NO.  wewµqv Zvov  KJmol .
H
Pa
n
 A¤øag©x gvwUi p evov‡Z e¨eüZ nq Pzb (CaO),  Kp (K /atm) [n = 1,2,.......]
n
W‡jvgvBU (CaCO 3.MgCO 3), (NH 4) 2HPO 4, wRcmvg,  Kc (mol/L) [n = 1,2,3.......]
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TSP, mycvi dm‡dU|  Gwm‡Wi we‡qvRb aªæeK  mol dm ev, molL
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 A¨vw›UAw·‡W›U Vit-A,C,E.  nvi aªæeK-k~b¨µg = molL s , 1g µg = S , 2q µg =
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 A¨vw›UAw·‡W›U-MgO, CaO, Al 2O 3. molL s /M S , 3q µg = M S
128 mgxKiY m~Î
 ‡Uªmvi wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ nq I .
2
53  wewµqvi nvi =
wewµqK/Drcv‡`i cwieZ©b
H
P gvb H cwieZ©b msNU‡b e¨wqZ mgq
 weï× cvwbi pH 7. dc
 i‡³i pH 7.4 = [C = NbgvÎv, t = mgq]
 dm‡dU evdvi Gi pKa=6.8 dt -Ea/RT
 evBKve©‡bU evdvi Gi- pKa=6.1  Avi‡nwbqvm mgxKiY, K = A.e
 ‡cÖvwUb evdvi Gi- pKa=7. ev, ln k 2   Ea T 1  T 2  Ea = mwµqY kw³,
T = ZvcgvÎv,
 gvwUi AbyRxe ew×i mnvqK- pH=6.6-7.3 k 1 R  T 1 T 2  R = meRbxb M¨vm
„


©
 K…wl Kv‡Ri AbyKzj pH=39.5 aª eK
 G‡`i pH=4.0-5.5  H
 wkïi †Kvgj Z¡‡Ki pH=7.8  f¨vë-nd mgxKiY, logKp =  aªæeK [Kr
 Kvco KvPv mvev‡bi pH 11-13 = mvg¨ aªæeK, †gvjvi aªæeK] . 2 303 RT
 wWUvi‡R›U pH 11-13  mvg¨aªæeK, K = m¤§yL wewµqvi nvi aª eK
 ‡Mvmj Kivi mvevb  7.8 wecixZ wewµqvi nvi aª eK
 Pz‡ji k¨v¤úy  5.7  Ka = C.
2
 ‡dm Iqvk 6.8
 Uz_ †c÷  8  cøvRwgW + * cøvRwgW +* cøvRwgW + * cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW +cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW +  cøvRwgW  cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW +  cøvRwgW +* cøvRwgW +* cøvRwgW +* cøvRwgW +* cøvRwgW +* cøvRwgW +* cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW +* cøvRwgW +* cøvRwgW +* cøvRwgW +* cøvRwgW +* cøvRwgW +* cøvRwgW +   = ka  Kb  1 .  cøvRwgW + * cøvRwgW +* cøvRwgW + * cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW +
 ‡Pv‡Li cvwb  4.8-7.5 C C C
 cÖmªv‡ei pH 4.8-7.5
OH
H
 jvjv/m¨vwjfvi pH 6.35-6.68.  p + P = 14
 gvZ…`y‡» pH 6.6-6.9
+
H
 cvK¯
jxi Af¨šÍixY cwi‡e‡k pH 1.4-2.0.  p = -log[H ]
 wcËim  7.4-8.0. 
H
 KvPv Pvgov U¨vwbs G P 3.54.5  p = P a + log Salt
H
k
 ¶z`ªv‡šÍi pH 7.5-8.0. Acid 
 Gw›U‡mcwUK gvD_ Iqvk  5.5.
 ‡jeyi im 2.2-2.4. H k Salt 
 wf‡bMvi 2.34-3.4.  p = 14-p b – log Base 
 Pz‡bi cvwb  10.4
 Ii m¨vjvBb 7.3-7.5.  evdvi ¶gZv = cÖwZ Ltr `ªe‡Y wgwkªZ GwmW/¶v‡ii †gvj msL¨v
H
 e„wói cvwb  5. P gv‡bi cwieZ©b

 cvwb wkí 6.8-7.2. Aa¨vq-5 : Kg©gyLx imvqb
 g„r wkí  6-6.5.
 Jla wkí  7-8.
GKK  bvB‡Uªv‡Rb hy³ mviBDwiqv, A¨v‡gvwbqvg bvB‡UªU,
(NH 4) 2SO 4.
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 wewµqvi nvi = molL S =moldm S .  dm‡dUhy³ mvi-
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 mve©Rbxb M¨vm aªæeK, RJK mol . TSP/Ca(H 2PO 4) 2,DAP/(NH 4) 2HPO 4.
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 mwµqb kw³, KJmol .  cUvwkqvghy³ mvi-wgD‡iU Ae cUvk KCl, KNO 3
 Kc, KpGKKwenxb|  ‡gvì RvZxq QÎvKwgDKi, GmcviwRjvm|
 cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW + cøvRwgW +*

cøvRwgW -12