Page 449 - Libro 2

INDEX
429
intracranial cerebrovascular examination, 95 lower extremity venous system, duplex
imaging, 214–215 sonographic examination
aorta, iliac arteries, 282 arterial bypass grafts, 172 kidney transplantation, 357 renal vasculature, 316
upper extremity venous system, duplex imaging, 234–235
etiological classification, chronic venous valvular insufficiency (CVVI), 265
EVAR. See endovascular aortic stent graft repair
eversion vs. traditional carotid endarterectomy (CEA), 83
examination preparation, arterial disease, indirect assessment, 124–125
examination technique. See also sonographic examination technique
digital evaluations, arterial disease, 134, 134f, 136f
Doppler waveforms, arterial disease, 130 plethysmography, arterial disease, 128f,
129t, 133
systolic pressures, 125–126, 126f
exercise
venous dynamics with, 30–31, 31f, 32f
exercise testing, systolic pressures, arterial disease, 129–130, 130f
external to internal carotid through reversed ophthalmic artery, 113
extracranial applications, ultrasound
contrast agents (UCAs), 415–416, 417f
extracranial carotid artery disease - collateral flow, transcranial Doppler (TCD)
findings, 113–115, 115f
extracranial duplex ultrasound examination,
35–36 diagnosis, 40b, 41
B-mode characteristics, 41–45, 41b, 41f color, power Doppler findings, 58–59, 59f,
60f
disease classification criteria, 56–58, 56t,
57f, 58t
spectral Doppler characteristics, 45 subclavian steal, 60–63, 62f vertebral artery stenosis, 59–60, 61f
sonographic examination techniques, 36 equipment, 37–38, 38f
patient preparation, positioning, 36–37,
37f, 37t pitfalls, 40
scanning, 38–40, 39f extremities
lower, anatomy, 13–15 upper, anatomy
arteries, aortic arch and, 3f, 6–7, 8f, 9f superior vena cava, 8–10, 9f, 10f venous system, 8–10
F
failure mechanisms, arterial bypass grafts, 171 femoral vein (FV), scanning technique,
fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD), 67
diagnosis, 73
signs, symptoms, 72
sonographic examination techniques, 72–73,
72f, 73f
filter placement, inferior vena cava (IVC), 335 fistula, 391
fistulae, hemodialysis access grafts.
See also arteriovenous fistula(e);
hemodialysis access grafts, fistulae flow, arterial
compensatory, mesenteric artery scanning, 304
laminar, turbulent, 22, 22f resistance, 20–22, 21f velocity and, 18–20, 18f, 19f
flow direction, color feature use, mesenteric artery scanning, 302, 302f flow-reducing renal artery stenosis (greater
than 60%), diagnosis, 320, 321f fluid collections, kidney transplantation,
361–362, 361f, 362f, 363f fluid energy, 17–18
FMD. See fibromuscular dysplasia
foam sclerotherapy, ultrasound treatment,
271–272
foramen magnum approach, intracranial
cerebrovascular examination, 98, 98f standard transcranial Doppler (TCD), 105,
106f
transcranial color Doppler imaging (TCDI),
111, 111f fusiform, 281
FV. See femoral vein
G
gain, 391
gastrocnemius veins, scanning technique, 218,
218f Giacomini, vein of, 261
giant cell arteritis, 195–197
glidewire, 391
gold standard, 427
grafts, 169. See also allograft; arterial bypass
grafts
hemodialysis access, 407, 407f, 408b in situ bypass, 170
grayscale findings
arterial bypass grafts, 175–178, 176–179f lower extremity arteries, 150, 150f, 151f, 151t
great saphenous vein (GSV), 245, 261 scanning technique, 215–216, 215f, 216f superficial venous system, 246–249,
246–249f, 246t, 248t guidewire, 391
H
harmonic imaging (HI), ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs), 413
heart failure, congestive, 351, 351f hemodialysis access grafts, fistulae, 399–400
access evaluation, 403–404, 403f, 403t, 404f, 405f
diagnosis, 402–403
216–217, 216f, 217f