Page 451 - Libro 2

INDEX
431
brain death, 119
cardiac shunt detection, 118–119 emboli monitoring, 118, 119f extracranial carotid artery disease -
collateral flow, transcranial
Doppler (TCD) findings, 113–115, 115f intracranial stenosis, occlusion, 115–117,
116t
sickle cell disease, 119 vasospasm, 117–118, 118t
diagnosis, 101t, 113, 114f
intracranial cerebrovascular examination,
sonographic techniques anatomical approaches, 97–98, 97f documentation, required, 95–96
audio signals, 97
spectral Doppler characteristics, 96–97, 96f equipment, 95
patient preparation, position, 95
pitfalls, 112–113
standard transcranial Doppler (TCD), 98–100, 99t, 101t
foramen magnum approach, 105, 106f orbital approach, 100, 102f
temporal approach, 100–104, 103f, 104f, 105f
technical considerations, 112
technologist position, 95
transcranial color Doppler imaging (TCDI),
scanning technique, 105–106 foramen magnum approach, 111, 111f orbital approach, 106–107 submandibular approach, 112, 112f temporal approach, 107–111
intracranial stenosis, occlusion, 115–117, 116t intraluminal defects, carotid artery, B-mode
characteristics, 43, 44f intraoperative duplex sonography, 381
carotid endarterectomy, 383–384
current intraoperative evaluation, 384,
384f, 385f
diagnosis, 385–386, 385b, 386f, 387f
infrainguinal revascularization, 386–387 intra-abdominal revascularization, 387–388 sonographic examination techniques, 382, 382t
scanning, 382–383, 382f, 383f
technical considerations, 383 venous disease procedures, 388
intrinsic parenchymal dysfunction, diagnosis, 321
ISR. See in-stent restenosis
IVC. See inferior vena cava
IVCS. See iliac vein compression syndrome
J
jugular veins, scanning technique, 235, 235f
K
kidney blood flow evaluation, size determination, 318
kidney transplantation, 355–356 diagnosis, 360–361
acute tubular necrosis (ATN), 361
fluid collections, 361–362, 361f, 362f, 363f hydronephrosis, 362
transplant rejection, 361
vascular complications, 363–366 operation, 356–357, 356f
scanning technique, 357–358, 357f, 358f sonographic examination techniques
equipment, 357
patient preparation, positioning, 357 pitfalls, 360
technical considerations, 360
kinetic energy, 17
kinking, carotid arteries, 67–69
L
laminar flow, 17, 22, 22f
left coronal oblique, patient positioning,
hepatoportal duplex ultrasound, 341 leg edema, 261
leptomeningeal collateralization, 115 Lindegaard ratio, 93
lipedema, 261
liver transplantation, 355, 368
diagnosis, 373
common postoperative vascular
complications, 374–377
nonvascular postoperative complications,
373–374 operation, 368–370
sonographic examination techniques equipment, 370–71
patient preparation, positioning, 370 pitfalls, 372–373
scanning, 371–372
technical considerations, 372
low mechanical index, intermittent imaging, ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs),
413–414
lower extremity arteries, 143
diagnosis
color flow imaging, 151
grayscale findings, 150, 150f, 151f, 151t spectral analysis, 151–152, 151f, 151t,
152f, 153b
imaging procedures, other, 152–153 indications, 143–144
sonographic examination techniques
patient preparation, positioning, 144, 144f pitfalls, 21, 148–149, 149f
scanning, 144–147, 145–148f
technical considerations, 147–148, 148f,
149f
training methods, 150
lower extremity arteries, veins, anatomy, 13–15, 13–15f
lower extremity venous system, duplex imaging, 211–212
anatomy, 212 diagnosis, 221
abnormal color, spectral Doppler, 227, 228f normal, thrombus-free veins, 221–222, 222f normal color, spectral Doppler, 222, 222f,
223f disorders, 229
epidemiology, 212–213
imaging procedures, other, 229–230 incidental findings, 229, 229f