Page 458 - Libro 2

438
INDEX
ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs), vascular applications (continued)
contrast-specific equipment modifications, 413
harmonic imaging (HI), 413, 414f low mechanical index, intermittent
imaging, 413–414
upper extremity arterial duplex scanning, 157
anatomy, 157–159, 158f
diagnosis, 161–163, 161f, 162f, 163f, 163t
aneurysms, 163–164
occlusions, 163, 164f
sonographic examination techniques, 159
patient preparation, positioning, 159, 160f pitfalls, 161
scanning, 159–160, 160f, 161f
technical considerations, 161
upper extremity arteries
aortic arch and, 3f, 6–7, 8f, 9f disorders, 164
arterial occlusive disease, 166, 166f, 167b other disorders, 166
Raynaud’s syndrome, 164
thoracic outlet syndrome, 165
trauma, 165–166
upper extremity venous system
superior vena cava and, 8–10, 9f, 10f upper extremity venous system, duplex
imaging, 233–234 diagnosis, 239–240, 239f, 240f
color, spectral Doppler, 240–241, 240f venous catheters, 240f, 241–242, 241f,
242b pathophysiology, 234
sonographic examination techniques, 234 equipment, 234–235
patient preparation, positioning, 234 pitfalls, 239
scanning, 235–239
upper extremity venous thrombosis, treatment,
242
US. See ultrasound
V
VAD. See vascular access device valve, 211, 233
abnormalities, superficial venous system, 259, 259f
varicose veins, 261 pregnancy and, 33 primary, 31, 32f secondary, 31–33, 33f
varicosities, 245, 258, 258f
vascular access device (VAD), 391–392.
See also central vascular access
device (VAD) placement vascular anatomy, 1
aortic arch, upper extremity arteries and, 3f, 6–7, 8f, 9f
arteries, veins, lower extremities, 13–15, 13–15f cerebrovascular anatomy, 3–6, 3–6f
superior vena cava, upper extremity venous
system, 8–10, 9f, 10f
vessels, major, thorax, abdomen, pelvis,
10–13, 10–13f
vascular architecture, 1–2 arteries, 2
capillaries, 3
veins, 2–3, 3f
vascular arteritis, 195
evaluation, special considerations, 196
giant cell arteritis, 195–197 radiation-induced arteritis, 200 Takayasu’s arteritis, 197 thromboangitis obliterans (Buerger’s
disease), 197–200
vascular complications, postoperative, liver
transplantation, 374–377 vascular disease, nonatherosclerotic
peripheral, 195 vasospasm, 93, 117–118, 118t, 157
vein of Giacomini, 261 vein(s), 1–3, 3f
cephalic, basilic, 250, 250f
deep, 233
deep vein thrombosis (DVT), 211
treatment, acute lower extremity, 230 great saphenous (GSV), 245–249, 246–249f,
246t, 248t, 261 hepatic
anatomy, 340
diagnosis, 343–344, 344f
iliac, inferior vena cava (IVC) and,
329–330 lower extremity
arteries and, 13–15, 13–15f
normal thrombus-free, 221–222, 222f perforating, 211–212, 245
portal, diagnosis, 342–343, 343f posterior accessory saphenous, 261 renal, evaluation, 322–323
reticular, 261
small saphenous (SSV), 245, 261
spider, 261
splenic, diagnosis, 343, 343f
superficial epigastric, 261
superior mesenteric, diagnosis, 343, 343f
veins, lower extremity iliac
imaging technique, 220, 221f perforating, 211–212
scanning technique
anterior tibial (ATV), 217–218
common femoral (CFV), 215–216, 215f,
216f
femoral (FV), deep femoral (DFV),
216–217, 216f, 217f gastrocnemius, 218, 218f
great saphenous (GSV), 215–216, 215f,
216f
peroneal, 219, 219f, 220f popliteal, 217, 217f, 218f posterior tibial (PTV), 219, 219f small saphenous (SSV), 218, 218f soleal sinus, 219–220, 220f
veins, upper extremity scanning technique
axillary, 237–238, 237f, 238f basilic, 238–239, 239f brachial, 238 brachiocephalic, 236, 236f