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       DUPLEX ASSESSMENT OF DEEP VENOUS THROMBOSIS AND UPPER LIMB VENOUS DISORDERS
abuse. Arteriovenous malformations are some- times found in the arms and hands, and in some cases can be very extensive, leading to upper limb swelling.
REPORTING
The report should indicate the scan to be normal or abnormal, and, if it is abnormal, the level and extent of the thrombosis should be stated. The
References
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Baarslag H J, Van Beek E J, Koopman M M, et al 2002 Prospective study of color duplex ultrasonography compared with contrast venography in patients suspected of having deep venous thrombosis of the upper extremities. Annals of Internal Medicine 136(12):865–872
Baxter G M, Duffy P, Partridge E 1992 Color flow imaging of calf vein thrombosis. Clinical Radiology 46(3):198–201
Bjorgell O, Nilsson P E, Jarenros H 2000 Isolated nonfilling of contrast in deep leg vein segments seen
on phlebography, and a comparison with color Doppler ultrasound, to assess the incidence of deep leg vein thrombosis. Angiology 51(6):451–461
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Bradley M, Bladon J, Barker H 2000 D-dimer assay for deep vein thrombosis: its role with color Doppler sonography. Clinical Radiology 55(7):525–527
Cogo A, Lensing A W, Koopman M M, et al 1998 Compression ultrasonography for diagnostic management of patients with clinically suspected deep vein thrombosis: prospective cohort study. British Medical Journal 316:17–20
Cranley J J, Canos A J, Sull W J 1976 The diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis: fallibility of clinical symptoms and signs. Archives of Surgery 111(1):34–36
Fowkes F G, Evans C J, Lee A J 2001 Prevalence and risk factors of chronic venous insufficiency. Angiology Suppl 1:S5–S15
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Vascular and Endovascular Surgery 25(1):1–5 Gordon A C, Wright I, Pugh N D 1996 Duplication of the superficial femoral vein: recognition with duplex ultrasonography. Clinical Radiology 51(9):622–624
Haenen J H, Janssen M C, Wollersheim H, et al 2002 The development of postthrombotic syndrome in relationship to venous reflux and calf muscle pump dysfunction at 2 years after the onset of deep venous thrombosis. Journal of Vascular Surgery 35(6):1184–1189
Jongbloets L M, Lensing A W, Koopman M M, et al 1994 Limitations of compression ultrasound for the detection of symptomless postoperative deep vein thrombosis. Lancet 343:1142–1144
Khaw K 2002 The diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis. In: Beard J D, Murray S (eds) Pathways of care in vascular surgery. TFM publishing, Shrewsbury, p 161–169
Labropoulos N, Kang S S, Mansour M A, et al 2002 Early thrombus remodelling of isolated calf deep vein thrombosis. European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery 23(4):344–348
LohrJM,KerrTM,LutterKS,etal1991Lower extremity calf thrombosis: to treat or not to treat? Journal of Vascular Surgery 14(5):618–623
Mattos M A, Melendres G, Sumner D S, et al 1996 Prevalence and distribution of calf vein thrombosis in patients with symptomatic deep venous thrombosis: a color-flow duplex study. Journal of Vascular Surgery 24(5):738–744
Meissner M H, Caps M T, Bergelin R O, et al 1995 Propagation, rethrombosis and new thrombus formation after acute deep vein thrombosis. Journal of Vascular Surgery 22(5):558–567
Meissner M H, Caps M T, Bergelin R O, et al 1997 Early outcome after isolated deep vein thrombosis. Journal of Vascular Surgery 26(5):749–756
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205
 report should also clearly specify which veins were examined and which were omitted due to technical limitations. This avoids any confusion or assump- tion that veins not mentioned on the report are nor- mal. Other pathologic conditions that may mimic the symptoms of DVT should also be reported. The report of a positive DVT should be brought to the attention of the appropriate medical staff as soon as possible, in order that the appropriate manage- ment can be implemented.
                               




































































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