Page 136 - Medical Parasitology_ A Textbook ( PDFDrive )

Cyclophyllidean Tapeworms 129

6
Scolex attaches 1
to intestine
4
Adult in small intestine
5
2
Protoscolex
from cyst

Ingestion of cysts
(in organs) Definitive Host 2
(dogs & other canidae) i 4
4
Intermediate Host Ingestion of eggs Embryonated 4
(sheep, goat, swine, etc) (in faeces) egg in faeces 4
4
d 4
3 3

i = Infective Stage
Oncosphere hatches: d = Diagnostic Stage
Hydatid cyst in liver, lungs, etc. penetrates intestinal wall
Fig. 11.9 Life cycle of Echinococcus granulosus (Reproduced from https://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/
echinococcosis/index.html)

Diagnosis
1. Serodiagnosis
2. Molecular diagnosis
PCR on clinical specimens.
3. Microscopic examination
Detection of scolices and hooklets from aspirated cyst fluid.
4. Imaging
Radiological examinations and other imaging techniques such as ultrasonog-
raphy (USG), CT scan and MRI.

Treatment
Puncture, aspiration, injection and reaspiration (PAIR) is carried out in early stages
of the disease. Surgical treatment in cases where the cysts are accessible. Patients
with small or multiple cysts can be treated with albendazole (400 mg twice/day for
1–6 months). Praziquantel may be useful prior to surgery or in cases of spillage of
cyst contents during surgery.
Prevention and Control
1. Prevent dogs from eating animal carcass or offal
2. Periodical deworming of dogs
3. Personal hygiene