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3. Some important characteristics:
A. Replication/treatment may be unequal
B. No of treatments: unlimited except when experimental units are
markedly varied.
C. Ease of laying experiments: easy
D. Error degree of freedom: Maximum

4. Analysis of Variance
Two sources of variation among n observations obtained from CRD trial:
treatment variation and experimental error.

Treatments difference is said to be real (significant) if treatment variation
is sufficiently larger than the experimental error (otherwise, it is due to
chance).

Major advantage: simplicity in the ANOVA especially when the number of
replication is not uniform for all treatments.

5. Procedures/Steps

A. Group the data by treatment and calculate treatment totals (T) and
grand total (G).

Treatment R E P L I C A T I O N TREATMENT
I II …. r Total Mean

A X1.1 X1.2 X1.r T1 T1/r

B X2.1 X2.2 X2.r T2 T2/r
C X3.1 X3.2 X3.r T3 T3/r

. . . . T4 .

. . . . T. .
. . . . T. .

Grand Tt
Total

Grand T/r
Mean

B. Construct an outline of the ANOVA table as follows: