Page 172 - Pharmacognosy 2 PG303

Pharmacognosy-2 (PG303) Level 2 Clinical Pharmacy-Pharm D

Substitutes and adulterants

Athyrium filix foemina = Lady fern. It is characterized by the following:
1- The number of bundles in the frond-base is only two.
2- The margin of ramenta is entire i.e. it shows no teeth.
3- There are no glandular trichomes in the intercellular spaces of the ground
tissue.

Aspediunz lobatunr : Characterized by:
I- It shows 4-6 meristeles in the frond base.
2- The margin of ramentum bears numerous irregularly arranged teeth which are
bent in different directions.

Dryopteris spinulosa = Shield fern: It is difficult to distinguish them from male fern.
It is characterized only by its ramenta which bear numerous unicellular, spherical
glandular trichomes.
Aspidium montana = Dryopteris montane: Characterised by:

1- It shows only 2 meristeles in the frond base.
2- The margin and surface of ramenta bear glandular trichomes of two types: one

with a unicellular stalk and a unicellular head and the second with a multi-
cellular stalk and a unicellular head.

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