Page 220 - Pharmacognosy 2 PG303

Pharmacognosy-2 (PG303) Level 2 Clinical Pharmacy-Pharm D

the root of Cephalis emetica Pers. (Psychotria emetica L.) and is similar to
Cartagenna Ipeca but it has no starch and only ca. 0.03% alkaloids.

Ipecacuanha stems which are distinguished from rhizome by the presence
of opposite leaf scars in the terminal portions. Internally, it is characterized by
the presence of chloroplastides, stone cells in the pericycle as well as its low
percentage of alkaloids.

East Indian roots are the rhizomes of small monocot. plant of Cryptocoryne
spiralis Fischer, Fam. Araceae. The roots are imported from south of India. It occurs
in short, nearly cylindrical pieces, 1.5-5 cm long, tapering at one end and bearing
the remaining leaves. It is constricted at intervals (like annulations) but shows
leaf scars. In T.S., it showed monocot characters, as scattered vascular bundles
in white starchy cortex instead of dense stele.

Lesser-Striated Ipeca is obtained from the roots of Manettia ignita
Schumann. Its T.S. showed starchy violet bark and porous wood. It can be
distinguished by its darker color and stuttering aerial stems.

White Ipeca is the roots of Jonidium ipecacuanha ST.Hill (Hybanthus
ipecacuanha Ventenant), Fam. Violaceae (Brazil). Externally, it is devoid of
annulations, but branched, dark in color and 1.5-3 mm thick. Internally, its T. S.
showed a narrow dark bark with sclerid cells, porous wood, and absence of starch.

Trinidad Ipeca is the rhizomes and roots of Asclepias curassavica Linn., Fam.
Asclepiadaceae. Externally, it is yellowish brown pieces, 3-4 mm diameter, bearing
rootlets and has an unpleasant bitter taste.

177