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Video 2. Reaksi Kimia Dalam Industri

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468 CHAPTER 14 Chemical Kinetics

Figure 14.2 40
The rate of reaction A ¡ B, A molecules
represented as the decrease of A 30
molecules with time and as the
increase of B molecules with B molecules
time. Number of molecules 20

10

0 10 20 30 40 50 60
t (s)

Two moles of A disappear for each mole of B that forms—that is, the rate at which
B forms is one half the rate at which A disappears. We write the rate as either
7
1 D[A] D[B]
rate 52 !!or!!rate 5
2 Dt Dt

For the reaction
aA 1 bB ¡ c C 1 d D

the rate is given by

1 D[A] 1 D[B] 1 D[C] 1 D[D]
rate 52 52 5 5
a Dt b Dt c Dt d Dt

EXAMPLE 14.1

Write the rate expressions for the following reactions in terms of the disappearance of
the reactants and the appearance of the products:
2
2
2
2
(a) I (aq) 1 OCl (aq) ¡ Cl (aq) 1 OI (aq)
(b) 3O 2 (g) ¡ 2O 3 (g)
(c) 4NH 3 (g) 1 5O 2 (g) ¡ 4NO(g) 1 6H 2 O(g)
Solution

(a) Because each of the stoichiometric coef"cients equals 1,
2
2
2
2
D[I ] D[OCl ] D[Cl ] D[OI ]
rate 52 52 5 5
Dt Dt Dt Dt
(b) Here the coef"cients are 3 and 2, so

1 D[O 2 ] 1 D[O 3 ]
rate 52 5
3 Dt 2 Dt
(c) In this reaction
1 D[NH 3 ] 1 D[O 2 ] 1 D[NO] 1 D[H 2 O]
Similar problem: 14.5. rate 52 52 5 5
4 Dt 5 Dt 4 Dt 6 Dt
Practice Exercise Write the rate expression for the following reaction:
CH 4 (g) 1 2O 2 (g) ¡ CO 2 (g) 1 2H 2 O(g)