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Encephalopathies

Definition:

Generalized disorder of cerebral function which may be acute or chronic
progressive or static

Causes:

Infections, toxic (e.g. lead), metabolic and ischemic.

Cerebral palsy (Little's Disease)

It is an encephalopathy resulting from malfunction of motor unit of the

developing brain due to brain insult during prenatal , natal and postnatal

periods → central motor deficit non progressive ,non familial , non hereditary

may be associated with , mental retardation ,epilepsy ,visual defect , deafness

, speech defect.

Etiology:

➢Prenatal (80%): TORCH infection, teratogens, intrauterine hypoxia.

➢Perinatal (10%): birth asphyxia, birth trauma, IC hemorrhage.

➢Postnatal (10 %): kernicterus, meningitis, encephalitis, IC hemorrhage.

Classifications :

•Topographic (anatomic ) classifications :

Hemiplegia : Arm & Leg on same side of body (R or L)

Diplegia : Arms and Legs but legs more involved

Quadriplegia or Tetraplegia : Arms and Legs equally involved OR Arms more

involved than legs

Remaining terms describe rare limb patterns