Page 27 - Ranah Studi Agraria: Penguasaan Tanah dan Hubungan Agraris

Ranah Studi Agraria

debate on agrarian changes. In the late 1970s and 1980s more
explicitly theoretical accounts began to emerge, and there-
fore the possibility of more systematic debate on the causes
and consequences of change. Virtually all the important con-

tributions to this debate were based on the SAE villages.
These debates have revealed several competing theoreti-
cal frameworks, which were set out for the first time in Gillian
Hart’s Power, Labour and Livelihood: Processes of Change in
Rural Java (1986), derived from her 1978 PhD Thesis based
on research in one of the SAE sample villages in Kendal Dis-
trict, Central Java.
While Gillian Hart was developing her ideas in a political-
economy framework in one SAE village, the Japanese agricul-
tural economist Yujiro Hayami (former PhD student of Vernon
Ruttan, who had replaced Art Mosher as the ASC’s Executive
Director in the early 1970s) went to two other SAE villages, at
the other end of Java, in search of data to support his theory of
“induced institutional innovation”, a variant of the neo-classi-
cal “induced technological innovation” theory. Hayami’s re-
search was designed to counter the approach of the Collier et
al. paradigm as represented in Collier at al. 1974a and 1974b,
which Hayami called the “radical political economy perspec-

tive” although Hart is more accurate to describe it as ‘neo-
populist’.
Hayami’s framework shared with the neo-populist (Collier
et al.) paradigm the idea that population pressure is a major
force behind changing agrarian relations, but ascribes a total-
ly different role to the new green revolution technology. In
contrast to the Collier et al. view that the new technologies are

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