Page 133 - A Walk to Caesarea / Joseph Patrich

A Walk to Caesarea: A Historical-Archaeological Perspective 119

with a series of ornamental basins along its wall, on the south. The room had a Fig. 136 (below left)
white mosaic floor at the center of which was a medallion with a Greek inscription Medallion with a Greek
praising a governor named Andreas, who was devoted to building (philoktistes) (Fig. inscription praising a governor
136). A wide opening led from there to a marble-paved, rectangular hall, with an named Andreas, who loved
octagonal fountain at its center (Fig. 137). This is the frigidarium hall. The fountain building (philoktistes). Found
received its water by means of a lead pipe from a large water tank built to the south in the mosaic floor of the
of the hall. Two other fountains were installed on the northwestern wall of the round antechamber
rectangular hall, while on the northeastern – an exedra with a bench built against
its internal wall and at its front two columns between two pilasters (di stylos in Fig. 137 (left)
antis). An opening on the northwest led to the caldarium – the heated wing. There Octagonal fountain in the
were three bathing suites here, consisting of two rooms each: a tepid room with a center of a marble-paved,
built-in bathtub, and a hot room adjacent to a furnace. All rooms had raised floors rectangular hall
set above pilae (hypocaust). All three suites shared a joint furnace room. There
was also a latrine there. The bathhouse was tilted at a 45° angle in relation to the
longitudinal axis of the palace of the Byzantine governor.

0 50 cm

The Crusader City Walls Fig. 138a–d (next pages)

The Crusaders held Caesarea during three periods, with gaps of a number of years a. The northern Crusader
between them, when they lost control of the city: from 1101 to 1187, when Saladin moat, view to the west
captured it and ordered destruction of its walls; between 1191 and 1220, when the
walls were demolished a second time by the Ayyubid ruler al-Malik Al-Mucaz.z.am cIsa. b. The northern Crusader
It remained under Muslim rule during the years 1220–1228, until it was turned over moat, view to the east
to Frederick II by the ruler of Egypt, al-Malik al-Kamil. With great pomp, Louis IX
(Saint Louis), king of France, restored the ruined walls, personally participating in c. The eastern Crusader
the construction (see above, pp. 58–59). This stage of building began only in May moat, view to the north
1252 and went on for 14 months. In 1265, Baybars conquered the city and once
again ordered the destruction of the walls. d. Arches of the approach
bridge to the eastern
Crusader gate