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a Based on information in Sharon Edelson, “Costco
.hoovers.com (accessed February 16, 2013). (accessed February 23, 2013).
Keeps Formula as It Expands,” WWD , January 30,
10 Karen Talley and Dana Matteoli, “At Gap, Sales 21 “DSN Global 100,” Direct Selling News , June 1,
2012, 6; “Five Major Brands to Pilot New Label
Gains Are Back in Style,” Wall Street Journal , 2012, http://directsellingnews.com/index.php/
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(accessed November 1, 2013). Association, www.directselling411.com/about- 2010, 7.
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12 “ICSC Shopping Center Definitions,” b Based on information in Steve Smith, “Retailer
International Council of Shopping Centers, http:// 23 “Vending Machines of the Past and Present,” Apps May Be Winning the Showrooming
icsc.org/srch/lib/USDefinitions.pdf (accessed Wall Street Journal , March 22, 2012, http://online War,” Media Post , January 30, 2013, www
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13 Annie Gasparro, “More Affordable Groceries Are
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14 Charles Dennis, J. Brakus, and Eleftherios
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Education Foundation, www.buildingopportunity “Floyd Country Store Jamboree Offers Authentic
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18 Online Retail Sales, National Retail Federation , Telegraph (U.K.), February 8, 2012, www
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20 Ann Carrns, “Consumers Leery of Online video, “L.L.Bean Employs a Variety of Promotion Berk, “Vending Machines Woo Gen Y with New
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