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application will have to be retrained—or even have to change their work

               processes.


               Cloud  Management  Tools      Cloud  management  tools  are  indispensable
               above a certain scale of operation. The vendors of these tools claim that the
               tools  will  help  in  migrating  applications  from  one  cloud  to  another,  thus
               reducing the lock-in risk. Yet, they do so at the expense of locking you in to
               their particular management tool.







                             Because the dependency on a cloud provider is so great, be

               sure to have a contingency plan in case your provider is no longer
               available. You might have important data and virtual machines stored in
               the cloud. Make sure this data can be exported or backed up elsewhere
               and used in a “Plan B” provider solution, or consider hosting these

               resources on your own servers if a provider fails.






                CERTIFICATION OBJECTIVE 4.03



               Organizational Capabilities That Are Relevant for Realizing

               Cloud Benefits

               Once organizations have made their strategic choices with respect to their
               place in the IT and cloud value chain, the necessary next step is adapting the
               operating model of the IT function, as shown in Figure 4-2. This operating
               model shows the processes, organization, and technology needed to support
               the business vision.




               FIGURE 4-2   IT operating model and cloud adoption















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