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allows the participants to see and hear each other, and depending on the software

     you’re using, you may also be able to share your computer screen so others can see the
     presentation, slides, spreadsheet, or whatever report you are presenting. Voice
     conferencing is conducted using a telephone. It is not as effective as video conferencing
     but works well if team members can’t be in the same room at the same time.

     Scheduled vs. Impromptu Meetings Scheduled meetings are put onto the
     calendar in advance of the meeting. Typically, invites are sent via email with an agenda
     and the date, time, and location of the meeting. Impromptu meetings typically occur in

     the moment and are not scheduled ahead of time. This happens on my projects quite
     often. I will causally ask a team member a question that grows into asking another
     person or two to join in the discussion, and the next thing you know, we are having an
     impromptu meeting. Sometimes, these can be a gold mine of inspiration and a
     brainstorming opportunity. You wouldn’t want all of your meetings to be impromptu,

     but on those rare occasions when they happen naturally, don’t be surprised if you find
     answers to problems and solve some issues that had previously eluded you and the
     team.

     Closure Meetings Closure meetings occur at the end of the project or at the end of a
     project phase. These are important because this is where final acceptance of the project
     deliverables occurs. You will obtain sign-off from the project sponsor that the project is
     complete and meets expectations.

     Email Email is a written form of communication. It’s useful when conveying succinct,

     easily understood information quickly to many people. Be careful with email because
     it’s easy for the receiver to misunderstand your tone or intention. Email is great for
     meeting invites, sharing meeting agendas and minutes, and providing a quick update.
     If you have complex information to convey, it’s best to put this into a written report
     and present the report in person or via a video conference. It’s a good idea to send the
     report ahead of the meeting so everyone has a chance to review it. But the discussion of

     the contents should occur at a meeting, not in email. And one last tip: before hitting
     the “reply all” option, please ask yourself twice whether everyone needs to know your
     response. Most of the time only the sender needs the reply, not everyone on the
     distribution list.

     Fax The ability to send documents electronically started with the fax machine. These
     used to be stand-alone machines that scanned each page of your document and sent it
     over the telephone lines. Today, you can send a fax over the Internet or over the phone

     line. In most cases, a document original that is signed and then faxed to a bank, a
     government agency, or a vendor is considered a legally binding document. Contract
     amendments and change orders are examples of the types of documents you might
     send to a vendor. Since you have the capability to send multiple page documents,
     faxing is appropriate for either simple messages or complex messages.

     Instant Messaging Instant messaging allows you to communicate with another

     person via a text message over the Internet. There are many software programs that



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