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Integrated Circuits
TOPICS DISCUSSED
Concept of integrated circuits
Process of manufacturing of ICs
Advantages of ICs
Operational amplifiers
Applications of op-amps
Timer IC
Applications of IC 555
Voltage regulator ICs
Digital ICs
17.1 INTRODUCTION
Electronic components and circuits have undergone tremendous changes in
terms of reduction of their size i.e., miniaturization, reduction of cost,
improvement of reliability, reduction in power consumption, ease of
replacement, etc. Going by history, the initial effort was to reduce the size of
discrete components. This was followed by the development of printed circuit
boards (PCBs) which eliminated connections of components by wires. The
components were placed on PCBs to develop the circuits. In early 1960s
micro electronics was introduced, which drastically reduced the size of
electronic equipment and gadgets. This was possible due to the introduction
of integrated circuits called ICs. An integrated circuit is a combination of
