Page 559 - Fiber Optic Communications Fund
P. 559
540 Index
erbium-doped fibers amplifier (EDFAs) (continued) output, 427
population inversion, 280 single-mode fibers, 58–70, 76–7, 83–4, 86–7
principles, 247, 274, 274 FIR filter, 508, 508
pump absorption, 275 four-wave mixing (FWM)
pump power, 278–80, 279 central channel tones, 484–6, 485–6
pump threshold, 280
degenerate FWM, 452, 452
rate equations, 275–80, 279
degenerate IFWM, 456, 457
signal beam evolution, 278–80, 279
echo pulses, 455–7, 456–7, 467, 467
signal power, 278–80, 279
efficiency, 450–453, 451
SOAs vs., 281
fiber dispersion, 75
steady-state conditions, 277
interchannel/intrachannel analogy, 457, 458
wavelength-selective coupler (WSC), 274, 274
error probability mean power, 452, 452–3
heterodyne receivers, 355–6, 362–4, 364, non-degenerate FWM, 452, 452
366–7, 367 non-degenerate IFWM, 456, 457
OOK systems, 355–6, 362–4, 364, 370–371, numerical simulation, NLSE, 466–8, 466–71
384–5 optical fiber transmission, 75
optimum binary receivers, 338–9, 345 phase noise, 477
phase-shift keying (PSK), 385–6 principles, 419, 435–6, 436, 438, 448–53,
See also bit error rate (BER) 451–2
variance calculations, 463–6
Fabry–Perot resonator, 214–18, 218
free spectral range (FSR), 266
Faraday’s Law
frequency-division multiplexing (FDM), 391
Ampere’s Law, differential form, 9
frequency-shift keying (FSK)
curl of vector, 7–9, 8–9
asynchronous detection, 364–7
defined, 6, 6–7
electric field formation, 9 bit transmission, 373–4
electromotive force (e.m.f.), 6, 6–7 direct detection, 371, 371–4
integrals, 7 direct detection modulation scheme comparison,
magnetic flux, 7 379–81, 380
paddle wheel analogy, 8–9, 8–9 direct detection principles, 371, 371–4
Stokes’s theorem, 7, 9 error probabilities, 373–4
Fermat’s principle, 21–5, 22, 23 heterodyne receivers, 356–8, 357–8
Fermi–Dirac function, 116, 117 matched filters, 371–2
fiber loss-induced limitations generally, 301–6, modulation schemes comparison, 366–7, 367
302–5 MZ interferometer modulators, 145, 145–6,
field envelopes
163, 164
ASE, 251–2, 252
orthogonal, 358–9
complex, 426
orthogonality, 375
DPSK systems, 375, 376
orthogonality conditions, 373
heterodyne receivers, 356, 359
Parseval’s relations, 372
homodyne receivers, 347, 349
photodetector outputs, 372–3
modulators, modulation schemes, 161
MZ interferometer modulators, 395, 397 principles, 145, 145–6, 163, 164
nonlinear effects in fibers, 487–9, 489 variances, 373
optical amplifiers, 247–50, 248, 250–251 FSK. See frequency-shift keying (FSK)
optical fiber transmission, 58–70, 76–7, 83–4, full-width at half-maximum (FWHM), 64, 267, 314
86–7, 487–9, 489 FWM. See four-wave mixing (FWM)
