Page 398 - INDONESIA ISLAMIC CULTURE

Tabel 6
Parties 1992 % 1997 %
PPP 16.624.647 17,00 25.340.028 22,43
Golkar 66.599.331 68,10 84.187.907 74,51
PDI 14.565.556 14,89 3.463.225 3,06
Total 97.789.534 100 112.991.150 100

PPP, younger generation of the with a new strategy of what Bahtiar Uniquely in an era where Islamic political Amil Zakat Infak dan Sedekah, Charity Table 6 Results of the
Islamic activities tried to formulate Effendy described as a breakthrough parties saw a decline, especially in Board) (1991), the lifting of the ban on 1992 and 1997 Elections
54
a new transformation strategy. Din to reconcile Islam and the state with a the 1990s, the process of Islamization wearing head scarves in public schools Source: The General
Syamsuddin called the move new theology of political Islam. They of Indonesia had run smoothly. At (1991) and other government policies Elections Commission
53
undertaken by PPP leaders and by were the young generation of political the grassroot and community levels, adapted to Muslim aspirations. (www.kpu.or.id)
a Muslim intellectual, Nurcholish Islamic groups who tried to propose a Islamization was carried out by Islamic In the 1992 general elections, support
Madjid, to be an accommodative step. new approach in negotiating with power. activists who focused on the propagation for Golkar began to wane as popular
Mintaredja explained that the relationship Although the new strategies of political of Islam, while at the political level discontent against Soeharto increased.
between Islam and the Pancasila was Islam under the New Order regime are Islamization occured not only in the Opposition within society increased and
understandable because during the regarded as co-opted Islam, this new civil services, but also in political the PDI accomplishments also increased
time of the Prophet Muhammad there approach had enabled the establishment parties that were previously considered sharply. Interestingly, in the 1997 general
57
had never ever been the term “Islamic of better relationships between Islam secular. This process of Islamization election, the Golkar and PPP grew,
state”. The Muslims’ responsibility was and the state. The Islamic parties had occurred in the body of the ruling party while the PDI slumped. The decline of
to struggle for and create a true Islamic suffered a setback, but political power (Golkar) and also in the opposition party the number of votes for the PDI was
society, and that was not quite the same and bureaucracy could widely accept (PDI). A satisfying development of the triggered by dissatisfaction withthe PDI’s
55
as to struggle to establish an Islamic Islam’s aspirations. The founding of role of Islam in the political arena was the new leadership, which was considered
state. An Islamic society can be realized the Association of Indonesian Muslim enactment of several laws that favored to be government-inspired. More details
without leading to the disintegration of Intellectuals (Ikatan Cendekiawan Muslims’ interests. One was the Law on about these changes can be seen in the
the nation. According to Mintaredja, Muslim Indonesia, ICMI) in 1990 was an National Education that required all levels following table.
because politics is a worldly affair, important milestone for the acceptance at all schools to offer religious education
apolitical approach to Islam cannot be of Islam groups at the government level in accordance with the professed religion Political Movements in the Era of
but something secular. Mintaredja’s without going through the channels of their pupils (1988). Others are the Law Reformasi
view was in line with that of Nurcholish of political parties based on Islamic on Islamic Legislation Courts, the Law
Madjid who coined the slogan, “Islam principles. Since then, Islam was an on the Compilation of Islamic Law (1991), Muslims enthusiastically greeted
the administrative arrangements of alms
yes, Islamic party no.” Muslim leaders important attraction for anyone who giving (zakat) through BAZIS (Badan Soeharto’s fall in 1998 and they reacted
severely criticized this renewal concept wanted to pursue a career within the in a spirit of establishing Islamic parties.
because italienate Muslims from Islamic system of power. 56 Indonesia: Sebuah Kajian Tentang Cendekiawan Islam’s re-birth as an ideological
Muslim Masa Order Baru (Jakarta: Paramadina,
political parties. 54. Effendy. Teologi Baru Politik Islam, p.9-28. 1995), pp.235-240. force was marked by the founding of
55. Fachry Ali and Bahtiar Effendy. Pathfinding a 57. Taufik Abdullah.“The Formation of a New Islamic parties and cultural forces that
In response to the New Order regime’s New Path of Islam: Reconstruction of Indonesian Paradigm: a Sketch on Contemporary Islamic manifested themselves within secular
repressive policy against Islamic groups, Islamic Thoughts within the New Order Epoch Discourse,” in Mark R. Woodward, ed. Toward a parties. Two parties came to represent
new generations of Muslims came up (Jakarta:Puslitbang Kementrian Agama RI, 2011), New Paradigm: Recent Developments in Indonesian Muslim groups because they adopted
pp.151-164.
Islamic Thought. Arizona: Arizona State University,
53. Syamsuddin. Islam dan Politik ..., p.70. 56. Syafii Anwar. Pemikiran dan Aksi Islam 1996, p.47-64. Islam as their foundation, the Prosperous

388 Indonesian Islamic Culture in Historical Perspectives Indonesian Islamic Culture in Historical Perspectives 389