Page 29 - tmp_Neat

al., 2007; Moore et al., 2011), age (Lightstone et al., 2001; Moore et al., 2011), speed limit

(Roudsari et al., 2007; Haque et al., 2009; Moore et al., 2011), traffic volume (Bennet and
Yiannakoulias, 2015), collision type (Ghamdi, 2003; Haque et al., 2009), time of day

(Ghamdi, 2003; Haque et al., 2009), vehicle movement (Lightstone, 2001; Roudsari et al.,
2007), driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs (Moore et al., 2011), roadway type

(Roudsari et al., 2007), distance from home (Lightstone et al., 2001), surveillance cameras
(Haque et al., 2009), and land use characteristics (Bennet & Yiannakoulias, 2015).

Several studies have investigated crashes at intersections compared to mid-blocks. Haque et
al., (2009), who focussed on motorcycle crashes at intersections, mid-blocks and

expressways, found that motorcyclists were more likely to be victims of multivehicle

collisions at night due to other motorists’ mistakes. In another study, Moore et al. (2011)
investigated the severity of injury in crashes involving vehicles and bicycles and found that

female cyclists were more likely to be involved in crashes at intersections, while cyclists
under the influence of alcohol or drugs were more likely to be involved in severe injuries at

non-intersections.

In all types of motor vehicle crashes, Ghamdi (2003) found that violating red lights,
following too closely (tailgating) and failure to yield were associated with crashes at

intersections, while crashes at mid-blocks were mainly associated with speeding. In another
study, Roudsari et al., (2007) found that location (intersection or mid-block) is not a factor

influencing crash severity.

In a study focussing on collisions involving vehicles and pedestrians, Lightstone et al., (2001)

found child pedestrians’ (0-14 years) mistakes were associated with crashes at mid-blocks,
while driver mistakes were related to crashes at intersections. In another study, Bennet &

Yiannakoulias, (2015) found that higher traffic volume and mixed land use were correlated

with crashes at intersections, while longer road sections were associated with crashes
involving child pedestrians at mid-block.

18