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INVESTMENTS IN ASSOCIATES AND JOINT VENTURES


            Transactions Between Investor & Associate (.28)



            • Note : What is in the starting and ending points?


                    • Upstream transactions

                           • Affect associate’s profits but asset is with investor

                    • Downstream transactions

                           • Affect investor’s profit but asset is with associate


            • Uniform accounting policies must be used in the group

                financials (.35)


                    • Adjustments made if associate uses different accounting
                       policies (.36)


            • If        the         associate                has          non-redeemable                          cumulative

                preference shares classified as equity (.37)


                    • Principles are same as with subs

                    • The investor’s share of profit is calculated after preference

                       dividends allocated


                           • Even if the dividend has not been declared
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