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CONSOLIDATED AND SEPARATE FINANCIAL  STATEMENTS

            Illustration 4





            • Q Ltd holds 48% of the voting rights in S Ltd, a listed

                company, whose relevant activities are directed through

                voting rights. The remaining voting rights are held by

                thousands of individual shareholders.


            • No other shareholder holds more than 1% of the voting

                rights          and         no        shareholders                  have          collective              voting

                agreements.


            • Does Q Ltd have power over S Ltd?


                    • Taking into account the dispersion of other shareholders, Q Ltd’s
                       voting interest is sufficiently dominant for it to have the practical

                       ability to direct the relevant activities unilaterally

                    • Thus, Q Ltd would conclude that it has power over S Ltd

            • What if…??


                    • A proxy had been elected to represent 20% of the other shareholders at shareholder
                       meetings?

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