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Cost Volume Profit Analysis





                             Breakeven point in units =      Fixed costs
                                                          Contribution per unit



                             Level of activity to earn a required profit =  Required profit+ Fixed costs
                                                                             Contribution per unit



                             Margin of safety = Budgeted level of activity – breakeven level of activity





                             Margin of safety expressed as a % =     Budgeted sales-breakeven sales  × 100
                                                                            Budgeted sales



                             Contribution to sales ratio (C/S ratio) =  Contribution
                                                                          Sales




                             Breakeven point in sales revenue =     Fixed costs
                                                                     CS ratio




                             Sales revenue required to earn a target profit =   Required profit + Fixed costs
                                                                                        CS ratio





















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