Page 110 - THE MELANESIA DIASPORA FILE CETAK ISI 10022017

using Y-chromosome suggested the presence of a contribution from mainland Asia in the
Paleolithic (30,000-15,000 years ago). Other supporting data includes genetic analysis from
pets or domesticated animals such as pigs(Larson et al., 2007) and dogs (Oskarsson et al.,

2012) which would have followed humans on their migration. Both researchers concurred
on the presence of livestock migration accompanying humans from mainland Asia via
the Sunda Shelf towards the Pacific. The findings of various researches therefore support
the idea that the “early train” migration wave is indeed part of a more detailed migration
history in contrast to the other two broadly-accepted migration wave hypotheses.
Our research lends further support to the theory that in the period between the first
migrants’ arrival (Out of Africa) and the Austronesian migrations (Out of Taiwan), there was
Below: Family tree and analysis another intensive migration wave from mainland Asia to Indonesian archipelago (Karafet
using STRUCTURE for 73 Asian et al., 2010, Underhill and Kivisild, 2007). This group is known as Austroasiatic. They came
and non-Asian populations. The
figure shows the section of the from Central Asia through Vietnam and Cambodia, then went south via the Malay Peninsula
family tree for Austronesian to Indonesia which was still part of Sunda Shelf at that time. Several recent studies based
and Papuan languages
(green) (Hugo Pan-Asian SNP on Y-chromosome and mitochondrial DNA analysis from populations in the Southeast
Consortium, 2009) Asian archipelago have confirmed the presence of early migrations from mainland Asia

74 100 CN-JN China 22.0 101.1 Jinuo Jinuo 29
93 TH-PL Thailand 19.9 99.2 Palong Palong 18
100 AX-ME Pacific -5.8 155.1 Melanesian Nasioi 5
100 ID-AL Indonesia -8.3 124.7 Alorese Alor 19
100 ID-LE Indonesia -8.3 124.7 Lembata Lembata 19
100 ID-LA Indonesia -8.3 123.0 Lamaholot Lamaholot 20
86 ID-SO Indonesia -8.6 120.1 Manggarai Manggarai 19
100 ID-RA Indonesia -8.7 120.5 Manggarai Manggarai 17
ID-SB Indonesia -9.8 120.0 Kambera Kambera 20
81 100 PI-QG Philippines 13.7 123.3 Negrito Agta 8
67 PI-AE Philippines 14.9 120.2 Negrito Aeta 8
67 67 PI-MW Philippines 9.7 125.6 Negrito Mamanwa 19
100 PI-IR Philippines 13.0 121.1 Negrito Iraya 9
100 PI-AT Philippines 11.9 122.0 Negrito Ati 23
100 100 AX-AM Taiwan 23.7 121.4 Ami Ami 10
100 AX-AT Taiwan 24.6 121.4 Atayal Atayal 10
96 PI-UB Philippines 17.2 121.9 Urban Ilocano 20
75 PI-UN Philippines 14.6 121.0 Urban Tagalog 19
100 64 PI-UI Philippines 6.9 122.1 Urban Visaya 20
69 PI-MA Philippines 8.2 125.9 Manobo Manobo 18
98.4
60 77 ID-MT Indonesia -0.3 119.7 Mentawai Mentawai 15
Indonesia
20
Toraja
Toraja
-4.7
ID-TR
ID-ML Indonesia -3.0 104.7 Malay Malay 12
91 ID-KR Indonesia 1.5 100.0 Batak Karo Batak Karo 17
100 100 100 ID-TB Indonesia 2.3 99.1 Batak Karo Batak Karo 20
60 ID-DY Indonesia 1.2 116.7 Dayak Dayak 12
100 MY-MN Malaysia 2.8 102.2 Malay Minangkabau 20
SG-MY
103.8
1.4
Malay
30
Malay
Singapore
MY-KN Malaysia 5.3 102.0 Malay Malay 18
71 ID-JA Indonesia -6.2 106.7 Javanese Javanese 34
100 76 71 78 ID-JV Indonesia -7.3 110.4 Javanese Javanese 19
Sundanese
25
Sunda
Indonesia
ID-SU
-6.2
106.7
MY-TB Malaysia 1.4 110.2 Bidayuh Jagoi 50
76 MY-TM Malaysia 3.9 102.1 Broto-Malay Temuan 49
110 Chapter 2
MELANESIA BOOK FA LAYOUT 051216.indd 110 2/10/17 2:10 PM