Page 112 - THE MELANESIA DIASPORA FILE CETAK ISI 10022017

A C* O-M38 B O-P203

K* M-P256 O-M95
S-M230 O-M122
O-M119

Wallacea Wallacea

Sunda Sunda

Sahul Sahul

C O-M110 D H-M69

O-P201* L-M20
O-P203 c J-M304
a R
O-M7

i

Above: Four stage model of gradual colonizations in Indonesia: (A) The first wave of colonization 40,000-50,000 years ago, (B) the contribution of the
Asian mainland Paleolithic populations, (C) the Austronesian expansion, and (D) migrations during historical times. Halopgroups and paragroups for
each stage are shown. The dashed line is the Wallace line. The dotted red lines in (D) show historically recent migrations from India (i), Arabia (a), and
China (c). (Karafet et al. 2010)
The Ancestors of the Melanesians
At the time when our ancestors, the first modern humans, emerged in Africa approximately
200,000 years ago, and later when they had dispersed in Eurasia, they were not the only
human-like species there. There were also other archaic human-like creatures (hominins)
living there. One of these hominins was the Neanderthal. Based on skeleton morphology,
the Neanderthals had been living there since 230 thousand years ago but disappeared at
around 30,000 years ago. The DNA sequences from the hominin were complementary to

112 Chapter 2

MELANESIA BOOK FA LAYOUT 051216.indd 112 2/10/17 2:10 PM