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savane, oqtomberi, 2014 29
yvela ZirZveli ebrauli dResaswauli, romelTa mTavari az-
ria ganaxleba, `xelmeored dabadeba~, erTdroulad, religiuri
da erovnuli mniSvnelobisaa. CvenTvis religiurisa da erovnulis
gageba identuri da erTiania. sulierad ganaxlebisken swrafva yov-
elTvis mniSvnelovan rols asrulebda ebraelTa saero Tu reli-
giur cxovrebaSi; da, rogorc oTxiaTaswliani istoria mowmobs, ar
egebis ebrauli yofa Torisa da misi mcnebebis gareSe, mcnebebisa,
romlebSic Cveni winaprebis TviT suli, ZarRvi da temperamenti Zevs.
erec israelSi, meore taZris dangrevis Semdgom periodSi, To-
ris xuTwigneulis, anu `xumaSis“ kiTxvis dasrulebas sam an samweli-
wad-naxevars andomebdnen. VII saukuneSi, babiloneli gaonebis epoqis
dasawyisSi, mis kiTxvas sasuliero akademiebsa da salocavebSi am-
Tavrebdnen iom qifuris wina SabaTs, xolo qifuris damagvirgvine-
beli locvis – `neyilis“ – Semdeg kiTxulobdnen `bereSiTis“ pir-
veli Tavis pirvel muxlebs, rameTu moSe rabeinum swored qifuris
dRes gadasca israelis ers aRTqmis dafebi. magram, SedarebiT gvi-
andeli drois gaonebi am Cveulebas sworad ar miiCnevdnen.
X saukuneSi, mas Semdeg, rac SemoRebul iqna `xumaSis“ dayo-
fa 54 Tavad, anu `faraSad“ (weliwadSi kvirebis raodenobis mixed-
viT), jer – babilonSi, Semdgom – espaneTsa da CrdiloeT afrikis
qveynebSi, Toris xuTwigneulis kiTxvis dasrulebis dRed dawesda
`suqoTis~ (`karvobis“; mosavlis aRebis damTavrebis) dResaswaulis
bolo dRe da ewoda mas `kurTxevis dRe“. igi arsobrivad daukav-
Sires `xumaSis“ mexuTe wignis – `debarimis“ – bolos mocemul mo-
Ses kurTxevasa da `mefeTa“ wignebidan aRebul mefe Selomos mier
warmoTqmul locva-mimarTvas israelis sakrebulosTvis pirveli
taZris sazeimo gaxsnis rvadRian ceremonialze.
`simxaT Toris“ (`sixaruli Torisa~) saxelwodeba dResaswauls
sabolood mieniWa da miRebul iqna espaneTSi – gaonebis epoqis Sem-
dgom periodSi.
safrangeTSi `simxaT Toris“ dResaswauli dawesda XI saukuneSi
– raSis moRvaweobis dros.
espaneTidan da safrangeTidan dResaswaulis aRniSvnis Cveule-
ba gavrcelda rogorc aRmosavleTis, ise dasavleTis gafantulo-
