Page 442 - Chemistry eBook

The A
yde
nctional Group
CH3CHClCH3 2-chloropropane
CH3CH2CH2OH 1-propanol
CH3OCH2CH3 methyl ethyl ether
O
Class of Compound
l Formula
Example
ldehTable R Fu
Organic Functional Groups
F
u
nc
tio
nal Group
Gen
era
halide (halocarbon)
F (fluoro-) Cl (chloro-) Br (bromo-) I (iodo-)
R X
(X represents any halogen)
R OH
R O R′
alcohol
ether O
Reffy, Table R (p. 8)
OH
O CH
OO
• The aldehyde group is always terminal, which means that the chain
ketone
CH3CCH2CH2CH3 2-pentanone
O
C R C R′ will stop at some ends.
• It contains a double bond to the O.
OO •oIrtgahnaicsaacidsingle bond to the H.
CH3CH2C OH propanoic acid
O RCH
O
CH3CH2C H propanal
aldehyde
C OH R C OH
• The functional group and general formula show these bonds.
ester
OO
O
CH3CH2COCH3 methyl propanoate
CH3CH2CH2NH2 1-propanamine
amine
N
C O
R C O R′ R′
R N R′′
441 © UNIT 11: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY