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工Nin日E口W 口 etロ1./Cryobiology73ρ016)30-39 園 田Thenocouple - Fiberopticthermometer 圃島眼
(B)
(A)
28.0
27.5
U O
camera
~ 27.0
ロ ・+4 C司
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E 26.5
dJ H
26.0 25.5
O 20 40 60 80 Time [min]
Fig.3.Temperatureonthespecimenonthecoverglaswithelectriccurentloading.(A)Temperaturesonthespecimenonthecoverglasmeasuredusingathermocouple，afiber opticthermometer，andaninfrared(IR)camera.Thecoverglaswasplacedonthecolingstageatromtemperature(26OC)withelectriccurentloadingat100ドA.(8)The temperaturedistributiononthespecimenonthecoverglas，whichwasmeasuredusingtheIRcamera.Then，10μAwasloadedonthespecimenonthecoverglas.Left:a representativeIRcameraimage.Thewhitebrokensquareshowsthepositionofthespecimenonthecoverglas.Thetemperaturewasmeasuredalongthewhitelinethroughthe specimen.Right:temperaturedistributionalongthewhitelinetothelef.t
coverglasdepictedbyawhitesquarewithbroken1ines.The temperaturealongthewhitei1neintheimagewasmeasuredand thetemperaturedistributionisshowntotheright.Althoughthe temperaturenearthetipoftheelectricwire(bluecirc1e)rosebe- tween0.5O(and0.80(，thetemperaturefluctuationthroughouta specimen wp's between 0.1 O( and 0.3 0 仁 Therefore， it was conc1udedthattheheatgeneratedduetoelectriccurentloading wasnegligiblerelativetomeasuringthetemperaturebetweenthe cover glases using a thermocouple and causing intracelular frezinginaspecimen.
3.2.王fectofelectriccu庁 ent10αdingonbehaviorofintracelularice crystalformation
Twosetsofserialhigh-spedcameraimagesthatcapturedIFin the epidermal tis sues of strawber ry geranium leaves with or withoutelectriccurentloadingataco1ingrateof-1oCfminare showninFig.4.TheupperimagesshowIFwithelectriccurent
l o a d i n g o f 1 0 l l A a n d a t e m p e r a t u r e o f a p p r o x i m a t e l y - 9 .1 0 仁 . T h e lower images show I IF without electric cur rent loading and a temperatureofaproximately-7.8oc.Itapearsthatthegrainsat theedgeoftheintracelularicecrystalwerefinerwiththanwithout electriccurentloading.Moreover，thedegreofsuperco1ingat intracelularfrezingwithelectriccurentloadingwaslowerthan withoutelectriccurentloading.Therefore，theIFbehaviorwith electriccurentloadingwasevaluatedusingthedegreofsuper- coi1ng，thedegreofceldeformation，andthegrainsizeand growingrateofintracelularicecrysta.l
First，itwascomparedwiththedegresofsupercoi1ng(Ts)at whichthedistiledwaterbetweenthecoverglaseswasfrozenand intracelularfrezingocured，withoutorwithelectriccurent loadingataco1ingrateof-1O(jmin(Fig.5).AlthoughtheTsatthe distiledwaterfrezingbetweenthecoverglaseschangedi1tle with respect to electric cur rent loading， the Ts at intracel lular frezingwithelectriccurentloadingrose0.7O(with1IlAand 1.8O(with101lA.Sincetheco1ingratewasthesame-1O(jmin，it
1.25 2.50 3.75 5.0 6.25 7.50 8.75 10.0 Length[m]
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