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FireProtectionAnalysisandPotentialImprovementsfor WodenCulturalHeritageSitesinJapan
Paper:Dr10-4回 7259;2015/7/24 FireProtectionAnalysisandPotentialImprovementsfor
WoodenCulturalHeritageSitesinJapan Kwang-IlKim*l，TadashiKonishi*2，t，TomekZiemba*2，HirofumiNonaka*3，
Ki-HunNam*l，andTakeyoshiTanaka*4
01I吋巴 University 197Inje-ro，Gir由ae，Gy巴ongnam621-749，Korea 02NationalInstituteofTechnology，OitaColege，Oita，Japan E-mail:konishi@oita-c.tac.jp *3NagaokaUniversityofTechnology，Nigata，Japan *4ProfesorEmeritus，KyotoUniversity，Kyoto，Japan tCorespondingauthor [R巴C巴ivedMarch30，2015;aceptedJuly1，2015]
Woodenculturalpropertiesareexposedtoriskssuch asforestfiresandarson，duetonaturaldisastersand socialchange. Toprotecttheseheritagesitesfrom suchrisks，wefocusedonfireprotectionfacilitiesand systems，fire-related ac cidents，and arson af fecting woodenculturalheritagesitesinKyotoandHyogo. A questionairewasfiledoutbyheritagesiteafil・ iates，andresponsesandinvestigatedmaterialswere analyzed. WefoundthatKyotoandHyogowooden culturalheritagesiteswerewelequippedwithfire protectionfacilitiesandequipment.Specificaly，auto- maticfireprotectionsystemslinkedthegeneralpublic， government-relatedinstitutesandlocalgovernments toimprovefacilitiesusage. Thesesystemsplayeda crucialculturalsitemonitoringrole.Increasingpub- licinterestintheseculturalheritagesiteshasledto amoreengagingandpromptresponsebythesmal numberofneighboringpartiesandfirefighters.To加ト provefireanddisasterpreventionfunctionalityefec- tively，itisrecommendedthatsitesestablishautomatic fireprotectionsystemsandcoperatewiththegeneral public，localinstitutions，andgovernmentagencies.
Keywords: woodenculturalheritage，protectionofhis- toricbuildings，自reprotectionsystems，publiccopera- tionforfireprotection
1.Introduction
The preservation and control of cultural as sets is a sourceofnationaldebateworldwideduetotheincreas- ingriskofdangeroussituationsbroughtbyenvironmental andsocialchanges.
TheUnitedNationsEducational，ScientificandCul- turalOrganization(UNESCO)，ismovingfromfocus- ingondesignatingworldculturalheritagesitestomove- mentsemphasizingpreservingthesesitesthroughcapac- itybuilding，policydevelopmentsuport，etc. These
JoumalofDisasterResearchVo.lI0No，4. 2015
movementsarebeingimplementedtopromoteasafer societythatemphasizesconservingculturalproperties andpropagatingthisaroundtheworld. Manydomes- ticwoodenculturalheritagesitesareexposedtorisks suchaselectricity，firescausedbynegligence，ぽson，and brush白res. Woodenculturalheritagesitesspecificaly arehighlyvulnerabletofirewhereand白re-extinguishing wouldprovedificul.tTheculturalpropertiesthemselves su百"erfromashortageofspecializedhumanresources andotherafiliatesnededtomanagesitesandprovide firepreventioninemergencies.Acesbyfirefightersand equipmentisdificult，leadingtopropertydamage.
Suchproblemsleadtothelosofmanywoodencul- turalproperties，suchasintheSeptember2003circuit leakthatleadtoafireattheGuryongsaTemple(Tangible CulturalPropertyNo.24)，theApril2005Yangyangwild- firethatdestroyedtheNaksanTemple(TreasureNo.479)， 2006MaySeojangdaeofHwaseongFortresasshownin Fig.1andtheFebruary2008arsonofSungnyemun，also knownasNamdaemun(KoreanTreasureNo.l)，toname afewrecentinstancesinSouthKoreaalone. A lokat firestatisticsoverthelast10yearsshowsthatof35cases offiresatculturalproperties，seven，or20%，werearson， bringingtolightarecentincreaseinarson[1].
InJapan's 195GreatHanshinearthquakeinKobe， colaborativee百Ortsamongcitizens，localauthorities，and the govemment [2-4] led to a cultural-as set disaster- preventionpolicy. Theincreaseincitizenparticipation andautonomousdisasterpreventionorganizationshadled toastrongersystemlinkedtothepublic，leadingtoin- creaseddisasterprevention.
Theseprotectivestructuresbringaboutquickinitialre- sponseandmonitoringofculturalasetsinarangeofre- gions.Theyalsohelpgai~ theinterestofresidentsinmin- imizingthevulnerabilityoftheseculturalasetsirifireand relatednaturaldisaster[5].
We studied Japan's wooden cultural heritage sites， whichareverysimilartothoseinSouthKorea，andtheir disasterpreventionsystems，andsugestrecommenda-