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Kim，K.eta.l
lnstallationCost (193TOTAL)
MandatoryLaws (197TOTAL)
M aint巴 nance (214TOTAL)
O 50 100 150 200 250 3∞ Number
Fig.4.lnstalationandmaintenancecosts.
3.2.3.FireandArsonOrganizationControlSystems
Questionaireresponseswerealsoanalyzedregarding fire-preventionmeasuresoftheculturalheritagesitesin responsetoautonomousfire-preventioncontrolsystems orfiredefenseorganizations，asshowninFig.5. Of responses，35% offirefightingtaskswerelefttodes- ignatedfirefightingspecialists，20%choseself-defense firebrigadeorganizations，and22% requ廿edcopera- tionfromlocalresidents，showingthatalmosthalfofre- sponsesape紅 edtorelyonpreparedsystemsofcolabo- rativelocalsupor.t
3.2.4.OtherAnalysis
Toensuresmoothfirefighting，73%ofsitesresponded pathswerec1earforanyfirefighting，whiletheremaining 27statedthatnopathgaveeasyacesinanemergency.A 70%majoritymaintainedwatercistemsforemergencies.
Only35% saidtherewasaplacewheretheycould storetheirantiquesandotherartisticitemssafelyinthe eventofa白re，whiletheresthadnosuchfacilities.Fire- breaksagainstforestfireswerepresentatjust21% of sites，with8%ofthesebeingwoodlandfirelinesconsist- ingoffire-resistanttressuchasJapanesecedar，camphor， andginkobiloba.
3.2.5.On-SiteSurveys
Analysisofon-sitesurveyresultsforUjiShrineand theKatsuraImperialVilashowthatinaneveningfire outbreak，apreviouslyinstaledautomatic白renotification apliancesystemwoulddirectlyreportthelocationand buildingnameofthefireoutbreaktothenearestfirede- partment. Ifanalarmweresounded，thesystemwould alsoinformneighboringresidentsoftheoutbreak.
AtHimejiCastle(Fig.6)betwenKobeandOsaka inHyogoPrefecture，single-andtwo-personindorfire hydrantsinthecastleenablethosediscoveringafireto takeinitialmeasurestoaidincontrolingtheoutbreak. Fig.7showstheYasakaShrine'spumphouse，manual
4
_Cooperationofneighbouringresidents74(23・FireprevcnlionadminiSlralors47(14%) 7
FircfightingAcesRoad (205TOTAL)
WalerCislcm (207TOTAL)
5'!J73%) 4Yes143-(69%)
:citons¥Varchouse l丘一三一斗 (一辻!)I
Noωσ 同
150 2∞ 250 300 350 Numbcr
(207TOTAL)
Firebre品三 (169TOTAυ
己 ごと:。竺 <No135(80%)
一
'-~'- ーーーー一
... 己ご三%) dFircule
(171TOTAL)
I
~
p官
一
1
50 100 Fig.5.Fireandarsonorganizationcontrolsystems.
watergun，high-distancewatergunandindependentfire hydrant.Fig.8showsIkouTemple'sfireprotectioncur- taininastorageshedandthecurtaininoperation.Fig.9 showsafirehydrantinIshibegoshi，Kyoto，readyforoper- ation.Fig.10showstwotypesofNinnaTempledrencher headsmade200yearsago.Fire-anddisaster-prevention equipmentandcontrolanalysisledustoconc1udethat mostculturalheritagesiteshadsomesortoffiredetec- tion，alarm，orextinguishingsysteminstaledandinuse.
Only37%ofthesesiteshavelightningprotectionsys- temsinplace，however.Withrecentabnormalweather changesincreasingthelightningstrikeincidence，wecon- c1udedthatitwasnecesaryforsiteswithoutsuchsystems toinstalthemoneforsafety'ssake.
Regardingequipment，over80%ofthesitesrespond- ingtothesurveymetorexcededlegalrequirements，and conductedmaintenanceeitherthemselvesorwiththehelp
JoumalofDisasterResearchVo1.10No，4. 2015