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capabilities. Lack of self-confidence could be another reason for this compromise. However, the person
is not willing to leave the stream but goes on a lower deck.
(c) Withdrawal—Candidate accepts his defeat and gives up his future efforts. Responses Nos 4, 6
and 7 represent such type of responses.
(d) Use of Psychological Defence Mechanisms—Failures
make one uncomfortable. Ego (psychological) of a person
needs to be protected and secured during crisis and failures. In
situations where ego is hurt/threatened, a person resorts to
many types of measures at the level of thoughts, words, actions
or emotions that protect his ego. Such psychological measures
are called as ‘defence mechanism’. Now consider response No.
5. The candidate offers an intellectual justification of his
failures. Similarly in response No. 3 the candidate shows that
he ‘denies’ his failure. He is not accepting that he has failed.
Through the process of re-evaluation, he only delays the
acceptance of his failure. I will exemplify it as under—
(1) Please do not justify failures. It will be always
beneficial and will be in your favour, if you accept the failures.
Accepting the failures means confession, similarly the denial of the same is the defence mechanism.
Finally, the denial is the worst form of the defence mechanism. Therefore, believe in accepting the
failures, that is only the beauty and the expression of the balance personality. For the example, you
declared that you will obtain 95% in the examination but you secured only 45%. Parents, people,
teachers and friends asked you. Your response was that—(1) Teachers were not good, (2) The library
did not have good/required books. (3) Questions in the examination were not taught to us. (4) Round
the year there has been voltage fluctuation from the college to the place of our residence. (5) My
mother suffered with severe illness and remained on bed for six months, like others and so many. These
are all defence mechanism which lead to denial. Denial is the worst form of the psychological defence
mechanism, I will exemplify as under—
Suppose, I am the president and you are the
candidate, I posed a question. Your P.I.Q. says that you
have participated in Hockey/Cricket and have played at
the state level ? Yes Sir, Now here from your responses he
has drawn the impression that you have never played nor
have gone to district level. Now here he poses a rapid fire
questions, like this—
Gentlemen, tell me when you received the
letter/information for the participation what
was the time, date and the day ? What was
the final date ? When did you depart, the
time, place and the means of transport used by you ? When did you reach to the
station ? Which train did you board ? Your seat No., and when you got down at
the railway station ? Name of the stadium ? Number of teams, name of the
captains and coaches if you remember ? and finally what was the result ? Now
you start answering. Your answer remains only an answer and not being
supported by your body language, gesture, tone and facial index. Finally, you
break down and admit or you still protect your denial to retain your ego. In both
the cases the evaluation will come to denial and will not go in your favour.
Psychological defence mechanisms are both positive and negative types. Those that help
achievements of the goal are positive type of defence mechanisms. But a large number of psychological
defence mechanisms are those that defend the ego not by achievement of the goal but by rationalisation,