Page 8 - Herlihy: The Human Body in Health and Illness, 3rd Edition

of the base to form water. The compound formed by the cation of the base and the anion
of the acid is called a salt. The combination of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide
produces common table salt, NaCl:

The word salt is a general term which applies to the products of all such acid-base reactions.

G. Energy
1. Definition: the ability to do work
2. Forms of energy
a. Mechanical energy, as in muscle contraction and
movement
b. Chemical energy, as in the digestion of food
c. Other forms (Table 2-3)
3. Conversion of energy, as in the conversion of chemical
energy (from food) to heat (body temperature)
4. Energy transfer (Figure 2-7)
a. Energy is released from food
b. Energy is transferred to ATP (high-energy bond)
c. When energy is needed by the body the high-energy
phosphate bond is split and the stored energy is
released

H. Mixtures, Solutions, and Suspensions
1. Mixtures
a. Combination of two or more substances that can be
separated by ordinary physical means
b. Example: mixture of sugar and iron filings can be
separated with a magnet
2. Solutions: mixture that contains a solution and solute
a. Aqueous solution… water solvent
b. Tinctures… alcohol solvent
3. Suspension
a. Solution in which the solute tends to settle out, as in
sand in water
b. Colloidal suspension
i. Small particles of solute that do not dissolve; they
remain suspended and do not settle out
ii. Example: plasma proteins in blood
iii.Other examples: mayonnaise and jellies