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3. A: Why did Frank leave the tour early?
B: I don’t know. He (like) it.
4. A: Uh oh. I think I left my camera at the hotel this morning.
B: You (leave) it there. You had it this afternoon.
A: Then maybe I left it on the tour bus.
B: Let’s hurry. You can check with the driver. He (leave) the
parking area yet. Let’s hope he hasn't.
5. A: You know, it’s too bad we didn’t get to the museum earlier this morning.
B: But we (see) the exhibit any earlier. The place doesn’t open
until 8:00 a.m.
8.5 Logical Conclusions: Past
Subject + Must (+ Not) + Have + Past Participle
She must have loved art. She collected paintings and sculptures.
He must not have heard the question. He didn’t answer it.
1. Use must or must not + have + the past participle | must have left my laptop at home. It’s
of a verb to express a logical conclusion about not in my backpack.
something in the past. The conclusion is based on
knowledge or evidence.
2.Had to have + past participle can also be used to Those statues had to have been very
express a logical conclusion about the past. difficult to make.
Complete the exercises.
Complete each logical conclusion with must have or must not have and the verb in
parentheses.
1. Hannah works on archaeological digs in Rome. She must have studiéd __ (study)
archaeology in school.
2. She can’t find her hand shovel. That’s strange. She (leave) it at
the work site yesterday.
3. Glen didn’t find any stone cooking tools at the site. The ancient Romans
(prepare) food there.
4. He spent a lot of time in the lab last year. He (spend) much
time digging outside at the work site.
5. Sam’s team won an award for their work. They (make) an
unusual discovery.
220 MODALS: PART 2
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